A Theoretical Approach to Culture and the Study of Its Theory Essay

The concept of culture is a broad and elaborate subject that identifies with the common practices of different groups of people. Our textbook defines culture as the total pattern of human behavior and its products, embodied in thoughts, speech, action and artifacts. I personally view culture as a concept that helps us develop and identify within our own society, and societies of others. We see and experience culture everyday lives. It can be identified though groups in their beliefs, dress, language, traditions, music, food religion and â€Å"upbringing†. I personally come from a West Indian background, as my parents are from the Caribbean. Although I was born in America, foods I prepare are from Caribbean recipes. In my home calypso music is often played and if mother gets angry she begins to use words and put together words that would only make sense in our culture. Culture functions in such a way that is sociological, psychological and biological. For example sociologically, culture gives groups a sense of belonging. Psychologically groups of people create what they consider to be â€Å"normal behavioral patterns† that may be abnormal to one of a different cultural base. Culture functions biologically in the sense of reproducing their societies from generation to generation and the need for food and shelter to survive. We can tell someone of Asian decent not only by their physical traits, but also by their cultural practices. I believe our culture is embedded in us from the very beginning of our lives. From when we are babies our environment, family consciously and unconsciously molds us into learning a particular type of culture. Now more than ever because of technology and global diversity and integrations we see multiculturalism. This is where there is an acceptance of various cultures and the practice of more than one culture in people. There are significant differences in various cultural backgrounds, whether it’s Western or Eastern, but this is what makes culture ever evolving, continuously growing and intertwining. In the early stages some have tried to bring the connection between evolution and ethics. We have learned from theorists Charles Darwin who to life the theory of Human Evolution and natural selection, Sir Edwards B. Tylor who is noted for the concept of animism and Herbert Spencer whom is often linked to the phrase â€Å"Survival of the Fittest†. Charles Darwin was a pronounced and insightful theorist from the 18-19th century. What makes Charles Darwin best known is his theory of human evolution of man and natural selection. With Darwin’s human evolution, he came up with the concept that all like organisms came from simple form, which is â€Å"the origin of man†. In explaining Darwin’s theory of natural selection he believed more organisms are produced than can survive or reproduce. This creates an environment where they compete for resources and to reproduce successfully. His theory discloses some have successful genes/ traits and some do not. He believed the more powerful or successful traits/genes that are in organisms and ten passed on to offspring. The stronger traits are continuously passed on and as passed on lead to further success. Darwin believes these traits are â€Å"naturally selected†. In this way nature somehow selects traits that are more fitted for the various conditions in the environment in which they are in, these traits become and those traits tend to last over time. The steady accrual of the changing traits over an extended period of time in conjunction with a changing environment brings forth evolution. Hence linking to the phrase survival of the fittest. Over time as Darwin’s studies developed, he began to zoom in the links between animals and humans instincts. He was also convinced that organisms are all descended from common ancestors. To elaborate, he believed two organisms could be traced back through evolution at some point their linear will meet, and example would be human and chimpanzees. The success of Darwin’s theories lead to Darwinism which is the theory that all living things descended from an original common ancestor through natural selection and random variation without aid of intelligence or nonmaterial forces. Many theorists during Darwin’s concept and after used this as the foundation of their theories that they built on. Social Darwinism is where Darwin’s ideas were applied to society. Another cultural revolutionist or social Darwinists as they were referred to was Herbert Spencer. Hebert Spencer is well known for being an evolutionary theorists during the 1900s that took Darwin’ concepts of evolution to the next level. The phrase in which he is population for is â€Å"survival of the fittest† which as derived from Darwin’s concept of natural selection, but he indeed is the originator of this phrase. Spencer embraced Darwinism His theories also embodied Lamarckian and also saw selection as a means of maintaining human quality. When we hear survival of the fitness we think of possibly a battle in means of survival, but Spencer was more making reference to stronger species out living and out living the weaker ones and being able to increase and develop because of being stronger. He believed evolution evolving from simplest form to a more comprehensive form as in human beings, and that nature’s laws plays a role in the changes. Spencer also penned â€Å"Principles of Psychology† and stated that human minds were somehow linked to natural laws. What stood out to me about Spencer was his opposition in government assisting underclass. He was also against them from interjecting in economic and social affairs. He was against this because his view was it helped preserve the unfit or inferior people and assisted them in obtaining resources such as healthcare. He believed helping them would prove to be unbeneficial because it would only lead to them producing and/or reproducing more unfit people, possibly creating the â€Å"survival of the un-fittest†. He was adamant in thinking these people were lazy and did not want to work and assisting them would only enable them. In which the strong should prosper and the weak should be pushed aside Spencer also believed in individual competition and wanted to minimize government’s role in society to make survival only of stronger willed people. Lamarckism’s is the belief that organism pass on certain characteristics to offspring. Connected to his Lamarckian beliefs Herbert Spencer believed in a biological based hierarchy of races. He also believed as they grew they zoomed in on the â€Å"evolutionary history† of their race. To take this belief even further he believed characteristics even negative ones such as lying and stealing, from their race were passed down to children. Sir Edward Burnett Tylor fathered the currently accepted concept of animalism; he was influenced by Darwin’s theory of biological evolution. Development of culture and society from simple to complex forms. Europeans had sought to explain the existence of various â€Å"primitive† societies, some believing that such societies represented the lost tribes of Israel, others speculating that primitive peoples had degenerated since the time of Adam from an originally â€Å"barbarous† to an even lowlier â€Å"savage† state. European society was taken to epitomize the highest state of existence, â€Å"civilization. In the late 19th century, Edward Burnett Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan elaborated the theory of unilinear evolution, specifying criteria for categorizing cultures according to their standing within a fixed system of growth of humanity as a whole and examining the modes and mechanisms of this growth. A widespread reaction followed; Franz Boas introduced the â€Å"culture history† approach, which concentrated on fieldwork among native peoples to identify actual cultural and historical processes rather than speculative stages of growth. Leslie White, Julian Steward, and others sought to revive aspects of sociocultural evolutionism, positing a progression ranging from bands and tribes at one end to chiefdoms and states at the other. More recently some anthropologists have adopted a general systems approach, examining cultures as emergent systems. Others continue to reject evolutionary thinking and look instead at historical contingencies, contacts with other cultures, and the operation of cultural symbol systems.

Fashion marketing Essay

Fashion marketing over the years has changed considerably. This has been due to number reasons which include culture, lifestyles, technology and the media. A case student of a student will be used. Culture is a link between â€Å"three components: what people think, what they do, and the  material products they produce† but also has the property of â€Å"shaping behaviour and  consciousness within a human society†Ã‚   (Hofstede, 2001) Fashion marketing and culture are closely linked.  People who are members of the same culture, most of the times have an unwritten code  between them for many sectors of their life – social and private. Eskimos are a great example  of such â€Å"unusual habits†, which offer their wife to their visitor during the first night and they  simply mean â€Å"Thank you† with this gesture. Moreover, people around the world use different  movements of their face, hands and body to express their feelings and a foreign student might  feel embarrassed, annoyed or shocked when encounters incidents like the one mentioned  above or ones that are totally new and beyond his expectations. Read more: Fashion essay A Student may face  difficulties to adapt to the climate of the new country as well, which might be too warm or  too cold for the standards of his home town. Additionally, the food most probably will be  different and this may make him feel sick or enthusiast about this. The most important aspect  of a foreign student’s life will be the educational system and fashion, which may differ from  the relationship between teacher and student, to the way the courses are being taught and  gaining employment in the fashion industry due to different cultural norms and values. The  general   rule of thumb at this point is that, after a period of time, â€Å"the culture abroad may  now come the ‘normal’ way of living† . The feelings, that have arisen from this whole  situation of encountering a new culture, are distinctly different to what had been witnessed in  Bulgaria. The most efficient way for a foreigner, student or traveller, before come into  contact with another culture is to be prepared about the variation among cultures and fashion  trends. One must notice that if a stranger meets another culture, but put aside any egoistic  feelings that might have, which do not let him understand the different lifestyles among  people, will only gain from this interaction. Nowadays, that many countries become multi-  cultural, it is important for the locals and the foreigners to try cooperating with each other in  order both of them to live smoothly together. (Hofstede, 2001) The term â€Å"fashion† holistically covers a plethora of different trends and styles. It has been  observed in the UK that many people dress to impress and others dress for attention purposes.  Youngsters in the UK are becoming more and more fashionable and are becoming conscious  of new trends and styles. People in the UK always strive to look their best which is  painstakingly different to what it is like in Bulgaria where they seem reasonably content with  whatever they wear. Whether people in the UK dress smartly, wearing the latest designer  labels that cost a fortune or whether they wear black Gothic clothes and cover their faces in  thick make up, they take pride in their appearance which seems like a cultural norm in the  UK.   (Connor, 1997)

Why I’M Proud to Be an American

America the Great I am proud to live in America, the land of the free, home of the brave. We have the freedom to vote, practice the religion of our choice, speak freely, and freely share our thoughts or ideas throught the press. I also love how we are such a diverse nation. There are several reasons why I believe America is a great country to live in. If you are an American citezen over eighteen, you have the right to vote. I think it is important to allow citezens to vote because it allows them to have a say in our goverment, whether you're rich, poor, different cultures, or religions. Our voting rights are a given as an American citezen. Our citezens voting influences laws, leaders, and other important matters. The freedoms our soldiers have fought for, including voting, are still just as important today as it was many years ago. These rights serve as a very important matter in our country, and every citezen should be grateful for having them. We have the right to speak freely and say anything we want without getting punished. We can express our selves everyday and be proud. Another way we can express our individualism is throught the press. We can speak up about the truth, through speach and press. Another reason I am proud of my country is because of diversity of culture, opinion, and race. The United States of America is sometimes considered the ‘melting pot' of the world. It has that nickname because a variety of people from all over the world have come to America to have equality. America has equality because people with different cultures, opinions,style, race, and many more, are not judged unfairly or treated differentally from other people. The past moves the future. I am proud of what has happened in the past, what's happening now, and what will happen in our country's future. Why I’M Proud to Be an American America the Great I am proud to live in America, the land of the free, home of the brave. We have the freedom to vote, practice the religion of our choice, speak freely, and freely share our thoughts or ideas throught the press. I also love how we are such a diverse nation. There are several reasons why I believe America is a great country to live in. If you are an American citezen over eighteen, you have the right to vote. I think it is important to allow citezens to vote because it allows them to have a say in our goverment, whether you're rich, poor, different cultures, or religions. Our voting rights are a given as an American citezen. Our citezens voting influences laws, leaders, and other important matters. The freedoms our soldiers have fought for, including voting, are still just as important today as it was many years ago. These rights serve as a very important matter in our country, and every citezen should be grateful for having them. We have the right to speak freely and say anything we want without getting punished. We can express our selves everyday and be proud. Another way we can express our individualism is throught the press. We can speak up about the truth, through speach and press. Another reason I am proud of my country is because of diversity of culture, opinion, and race. The United States of America is sometimes considered the ‘melting pot' of the world. It has that nickname because a variety of people from all over the world have come to America to have equality. America has equality because people with different cultures, opinions,style, race, and many more, are not judged unfairly or treated differentally from other people. The past moves the future. I am proud of what has happened in the past, what's happening now, and what will happen in our country's future.

Week 8 History 2303 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 History 2303 - Essay Example The rules that were formulated this time allowed husbands to claim their wives wherever they found them and they could always snatch the women of their wages. There were instances where a widow could be snatched all the husbands’ belongings; fathers could distribute their wealth to all their children disregarding their daughters, women had no property rights. (Stearns and Walkowitz. 57) Also in some cases they had their rights upheld and they could be paid their wages whenever they worked for overtime and also they were not overworked if payments were not necessary. Women in some instances were guaranteed better life in the factories and there were no unjust laws. The mill girls who had their own homes were allowed moderate time to work and also the opportunity to teach in some schools during summer months. Some widows got the opportunity to be housed in corporation houses where the girls were also kept. More so, these girls were given the opportunity to read the novels and the bibles and some other good books that could appeal to them. They participated in critical writings and this was the only avenue they could voice their grievances. Many girls were put in a situation that only enabled them to extend their help to their drunken fathers and widowed mothers. Many girls were forced to work and their wages used to pay school fees for their male counterparts, althou gh the influence of industrialization made them uniformly good in terms of character, religion as well as their health. When wages were significantly reduced, girls challenged it by engaging in industrial strike. (Stearns and Walkowitz.

Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Popular Culture - Essay Example The novel Twilight, with its central romance between a vampire and an ordinary teenage girl, also brings these emotions and feelings to the fore, as the lovers feel desperation, torture, the burn of forbidden love, as well as the pain of immortality and the loss of reason. Through it all, the vampires in vampire lore, and Edward in Twilight reflect societal consciousness, while assisting society in accepting that sometimes that which might seem evil is not really. Discussion The French Revolution was a period of despair, tortured beings, and forbidden loves. The desperation was felt by the peasants on the eve of the French Revolution, in 1789, as the peasants in the French countryside was increasingly subjected to undue taxation and social polarisation became a rising problem. At some point, the French peasants were faced with the choices of moving off their land or rebelling, due to a tax system that had lost all semblance of rhyme and reason.1 Meanwhile, they suffered a harvest def icit, and some farmers saw their livelihood wiped out during the harsh winters. The food deficit, the long winter, the social polarisation and increased taxation of the peasants led to an increase in vagrancy and vagabondage, as â€Å"desperate hordes besieged monastic storehouses.†2 Moreover, this sense of desperation was not limited to the peasants, as the laborers and managers also felt the financial pinch, â€Å"having to juggle their resources in order to make ends meet.†3 Meanwhile, the tortured beings were represented most effectively in the French Revolution by the prisoners in the Bastille, the storming of which was one of the cataclysms for the Revolution. Of these is the infamous â€Å"man in the iron mask,† who lived in the Bastille from 1698 to 1703. Also, there was the case of Denyse Regne, who â€Å"was spared nothing, from endless interrogations and torments of hunger to injuries inflicted by doctors to torturous treatment at the hands of a nun lodged with her and her enchainment in an underground dungeon.†4 The cells of the Bastille were places where toad, newts and rats and spiders resided with the unfortunate prisoner, and the prisoner lay on straw for their bed in six by eight foot cages.5 During the French Revolution, as during all times, there was also forbidden love. Such as example is Honore Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, who was a moderate French Revolutionary. He won the heart of a lady who was the consort of a colonel, which caused him to be imprisoned. Released from prison, he went to Corsica, where he engaged in yet another scandalous love affair.6 While this was one individual who engaged in forbidden love affairs during the time of the French Revolution, there undoubtedly were many more. Therefore, the French Revolution was a time of desperation, torture and forbidden love. The vampire is emblematic of all of these feelings, as well as being a symbol of destructive power and abstract horror, that invades our imaginations and sensibilities. As a symbol of desperation, however, the vampire perhaps has more in common with the desperate French nobility during the time of the French Revolution, such as the Princesse de Monaco, a noblewoman of the house of Choiseul-Stainville who died at the guillotine in 1794.7 This is because the vampire is often the

Vietnam- China Conflict Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vietnam- China Conflict - Research Paper Example The two countries have been characterized by a longstanding rivalry between regional powers. The opposition has been diminishing and at the same time escalating in different periods. The conflict has also escalated to the 21st century where the two countries have been in turmoil over the fishing territories. The continued suspicion on a number of issues is expected to escalate further in the future if issues are not addressed regionally and globally. The conflict has affected the region and world in different ways. This paper seeks to focus on Vietnam- China Conflict. Origin: Why Chinese Claim that it is Their Land or Area China continues to claim that the Paracels and Spratly islands are parts of the territory. This claim traces backs to the Yuan Dynasty in 1279. This was the period when astronomer Guo Shoujing visited the area. The original claim of the area was done by Jiang Jieshi Kuomintang government (Sieff; 1). Since then, the People’s Republic of China has followed the claim. The greatest Chinese sailors also named the islands in Chinese language and explorers as early as 1430 (Sieff; 1). Conflict The issue of the border has not been a direct source of conflict between the two territories. However, increased political involvement led to increased tension and conflict. Most of the tension has revolved around the border. Both of the countries share 700 miles of common border. This boundary was delineated by Sino-French treaties signed during the colonial period (Hung 1979; 1039). However, there were differences over the actual sites of boundary mark. This suspicion heightened as the relationship between the two countries became tense in 1978. This was due to mishandling of overseas Chinese in Vietnam (SinoVietnameseWar; 2013). At the time of war, both sides of the country tried to change the location of the stone pillars marking their sides. The other cause of tension was the division of territorial jurisdiction in the Gulf of Tonkin area. The reas on behind this strain was sufficient deposits of oil in the South China Sea. Both of the countries also claimed ownership to the Paracels and Spratly islands. In 1974, china took one of the islands after a small stint with South Vietnamese army. On the other hand, South Vietnamese laid claim of the Spartly islands. The conflict heightened as China withdrew its support. This led to collapse of financial and economic programs of these nations. These nations responded through retaliation mechanisms. This was through the management of overseas Chinese people. Consequently, the Vietnamese government decided to regulate private business managed by Chinese. There was also seizure of private properties, currency exchange, and sending people to new economic zones (Hung 1979; 1043). This affected the overseas Chinese significantly. Others were forced to abandon new economic zones, and other moved to other parts of Asian nations. This caused China to move due to mistreatment of her people. Chi na also cancelled other key projects it was financing to Vietnamese. Consequently, most of the refugees remained stranded along the border. This heightened the border tension. China viewed this outcome as a soviet conspiracy to incite china. The soaring dispute was also heightened by the Cambodia connection. This was due to the soaring diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Cambodia. However, china began to side with Cambodia. Initially, china was reluctant to join the war. However, after the

Nelson Mandela, A great leader of our Time Term Paper

Nelson Mandela, A great leader of our Time - Term Paper Example South Africa’s Nelson Mandela is one such leader who has captivated the imagination of the entire world, transcending geographical and political boundaries. He is the recipient of numerous, richly deserved awards and accolades, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, the 1988 United Nations’ Human Rights Award, the 1998 US Congressional Gold Medal , the 2002 US Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the British Order of Merit. A commemorative stamp in Mandela’s honor was issued by the USSR in 1998. Zimbabwe declared ‘Mandela Day’ as a national holiday in 1990, and his statue was erected in London’s Parliament Square in 2007(Biography.com, n.d.). Nelson Mandela personifies exemplary leadership. Mandela himself argues that "I was not a messiah, but an ordinary man who had become a leader because of extraordinary circumstances." (Brink, 1998, p.1). A study of his life and works gives us manifold insights into the workings and personality of this great leader. The mark of a leader is evident in every stage of Mandela’s life: as a young man, during his long incarceration, and as a senior citizen of the world. Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July, 1918, at Mvezo. In 1927, after the death of his father, Nonqaphi Nosekeni, principal advisor to the Thembu Chief, Jongintaba Dalindyebo, Mandela was adopted into the Xhosa chieftain’s family. He was a close observer of the tribal meetings under the chieftain, where every man was free to express his opinion on perfect terms of equality. Mandela admits that â€Å"My later notions of leadership were profoundly influenced by observing the regent and his court† (1994, Part One). Mandela, by his own admission, adopted the chieftains’ axiom for leadership, â€Å"a leader, he said, is like a shepherd. He stays behind the flock, letting the most nimble go out ahead, whereupon the others follow, not realizing that all along they are being directed from behind† (M andela, 1994, Part One). He developed the habit of giving everyone a patient hearing before expressing his own stand and always strived for consensus. Mandela remained a staunch supporter of the institution of traditional tribal chiefs as an integral part of African culture. In this context, it can be argued that Mandela himself was ‘a great man,’ born with innate traits of a leader. Mandela’s boyhood was spent cattle-herding. At the local mission school, he was named ‘Nelson.’ He joined the protest movement against apartheid as an undergraduate at the University College of Fort Hare. He was elected to the Student Representative Council (SRC) in his second year. Endorsing the vote of the majority of the students to boycott, in their agitation for better food and more student representative power, Mandela resigned his position. The University expelled Mandela. (Brink, 1998, p. 2). Here, we see the first evidence of his leadership, and ability to gener ate support and cooperation from his followers. He completed his B.A. through correspondence, and enrolled for his LLB. In 1952, he founded the law firm Mandela and Tambo, providing free and low-cost legal counsel to unrepresented blacks, who acknowledged his transformational leadership. His full-fledged political career commenced in 1943, when he joined the African National Congress (ANC). In 1944, Mandela, showing the initiative of a leader, co-founded the

Power Influence Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Power Influence Approach - Essay Example This view of leadership that talk about power and how it is used to influence people in order to get the job done. Power influence approach sees power as the central element of leadership and is interested in finding how leaders assume and lose power. The influence of power is considered important in this approach because it makes people follow the leader. Power influence approach also explains how a leader can use his or her power to influence not only subordinates but also peers, customers, and suppliers (Yukul, 2010). The French and Raven (1959) model outlines five sources of power namely expert, referent, reward, coercive, and legitimate. These sources can be used to assume power and then can be used to ‘influence’ subordinates. Expert power comes from unique set of knowledge and skill that builds trust of subordinates and in turn subordinates follow the leader. Doctors and high tech engineers can have expert power. Reward power is the power to delegate rewards and this can also make employees follow their leader. Referent power is related to personal approval and acceptance. Celebrities and political figures have this power usually. Coercive power breeds compliance by use of threats and punishment. Legitimate power stems from the position or job title of a leader. All these sources of power can be used to influence employees. This approach is extremely effective because power can be used to get the job done. People are usually influenced by power and therefore the relationship between power and leadership seems strong. Also this approach takes a very natural look at leadership and simply suggests how employees can be made to follow their bosses. Weaknesses of this approach are quite obvious. Power is always not a good thing for building relationships. Managers might use power to influence employees but this might undermine employee satisfaction. Moreover power sometimes underpins creativity as people begin to follow a

External analysis for Ameresco Inc. (AMRC) Research Paper

External analysis for Ameresco Inc. (AMRC) - Research Paper Example heless, increased participation in the energy services industry has yielded increased competition between companies in the industry amid challenges presented by the external environment. The external environment has significant influence on the performance of companies through economic, technological, political-legal, and sociocultural factors. To sufficiently understand the influences of the external environment it is important to concentrate on a specific player in the industry such as Ameresco Inc. which is one of the largest energy services companies in North America. Although the economy cannot be controlled by an organization, it has great influence on the growth and development of a particular organization. This can be attributed to the impacts of economic growth, inflation, economic stability, and unemployment policies on the success of an organization (Dragnic, 2014). Ameresco’s location in North America gives it an advantage of relatively little negative influence of the economy. For example, its location in the USA is favorable to its success due the constant economic stability and growth presenting an opportunity for success. Additionally, inflation rates are relatively low thereby increasing its chances of success. However, areas with high unemployment rates offer relatively cheap labor hence increasing profit margins and vice versa. As such, the cost of labor incurred b Ameresco is relatively high although the changing times may present costs reductions based on labor importation trends. Technology plays a critical role in the de velopment of the energy savings industry. Technological advancements mainly focus on improving efficiency of energy consumption while maintaining low costs and conserving the environment. As such, the recent technological advancements pose a great opportunity for Ameresco’s success. Moreover, the political aspect heavily affects the performance of a particular industry depending on either favorable or unfavorable

Should women be able to drive in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Should women be able to drive in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example ltra conservative mullahs, the kingdom simply does not issue driving licenses to women, thereby leaving them practically helpless when it comes to the freedom of being mobile. The larger belief that supports this blanket ban on women in Saudi Arabia ensues from the traditional Islamic and tribal customs, as per which, allowing women the simple and plain freedom of driving will not only upset the strict segregation of sexes in Saudi Arabia, but will also expose the Saudi women to more dangerous situations that will dilute the honor of their male guardians and the male hierarchy in the Saudi society, giving way to utter chaos and social confusion. Hence, most of the Saudi women are they the traditional homemakers, or the more ambitious and outgoing career women, many of them having received education in the West are to contend with the feasible alternative of being driven around the town by a male driver. Many a times, many progressive Saudi women have tried to protest against this ban on female driving, only to be arrested and handed back to their male guardians. The situation for women gets even more stifling considering the fact that many other Gulf nations like United Arab Emirates and Kuwait do allow the women to drive. Many progressive Saudi women do hope that the winds of change will eventually sweep Saudi Arabia also. Yet, the bad thing is that irrespective of the multiple changes going on in the Gulf in general and the rest of the world in particular, Saudi Arabia has stood steadfastly to its stance of not allowing the women to drive. In a larger context, this ban on women driving prevailing in Saudi Arabia needs to be understood in the light of the traditional Saudi religious and tribal beliefs and the associated fears and apprehensions. It is not that forbidding women to drive in Saudi Arabia is a constraint that is apart from the traditional Saudi values and norms. Yet, the irony is that these very traditional Saudi norms and customs are totally

The Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing and Economic Perspectives Research Paper

The Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing and Economic Perspectives - Research Paper Example The article presented measurements of methane gas emissions reportedly from the production of natural gas in 190 locations within the United States. As disclosed, the information collected and revealed could be used by policymakers regarding natural gas production and use. The authors, therefore, expounded on topics which included well completion flowback; unloadings; well sites in routine production; as well as implications for national emission estimates. The article is therefore replete with technicalities pertinent to emission measurements. The current discourse requiring updates for Gasland could use the information regarding the number of locations where natural gas production was reported. The list of credible and authoritative sources used as support could also be a source for further studies and evaluation on the subject. The authors explored and presented the effects, specifically health impacts, of gas drilling on animals and their owners, through the results on an intervi ew method with their owners within areas where gas drilling have been identified. Specific cases were explicitly presented to illustrate the scope of the impact on human and animal health. Likewise, it was revealed that factors including non-disclosure agreements signed between the drilling corporations and injured individuals have apparently precluded appropriate documentation of the alleged contamination. The article would, therefore, be beneficial in the current research to provide support to updates regarding the Gasland incident. Likewise, viable recommendations could also be used to augment current proposals to address the dilemma.

Macbeth Analysis Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Analysis Essay I was just walking with Banquo on a cold and windy day to Forres when we come across three witches. They were very old and they all had long curly beards. One of them had a long crooked old finger and she kept on pointing it at me. The witches started talking to me. They all said hail Macbeth hail to thee. Banquo started talking to them and then the witches all said the same word Hail at the same time. I was getting really interested, so I said carry on talking. I wanted to know what they were trying to tell me. I was telling them to speak but they did not and they just vanished away. They told me that I was going to be king. I was sitting in my room and in comes my wife. I said to my wife that I did not want to kill Duncan anymore. Lady Macbeth started telling me that I was a coward, and then she started rushing into the plans about killing Duncan, but I wasnt even sure I wanted to kill him anymore because Duncan was giving me complements lately. She thought I was drunk earlier because I had been so eager to murder Duncan, and now she thought I was afraid of murdering him. The truth is I was scared. She was telling me all the plans I decided to do it then and what she told me to do is show my grief about the king being dead and act innocent . Lady Macbeth told me that when the bell strikes that is when I murder Duncan. when the bell rang I went to the courtyard to murder Duncan. My wife had already drugged the bodyguards and placed daggers on them to make it look like they have done it. Now it was going to be easy for me to do the murder. I had done the murder, then went back to the party and everything was like had not done anything.

Narrative Conventions Of Formal Realism English Literature Essay

Narrative Conventions Of Formal Realism English Literature Essay So they forgot her like an unpleasant dream during a troubled sleep. Occasionally the rustle of a skirt hushes when they wake and the knuckles brushing a cheek in sleep seem to belong to the sleeper. Sometimes the photographs of a close friend or relative- looked at too long, shifts and sometimes more familiar than the dear face itself moves there. They can touch it if they like, but they dont, because they know things will never be the same if they do. He had a strange sense of being haunted, a feeling that the shades of his imagination were stepping out into the real world, that destiny was acquiring the slow, fatal logic of a dream. Now I know what a ghost is he thought, Unfinished business, thats what. Since the last decades of the Twentieth century many African American writers have set out to revise the slave narratives of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and to reaffirm both their historical and historiographical significance. For many writers, reclaiming an identity or narrative voice is vital and functions as a means of countering centuries of dispossession and misrepresentation. For Toni Morrison, interpretation represents an integral part of black cultural and social identity  [1]  and her novel Beloved, as Henry Louis Gates argues, invents and articulates a language that gives voice to the unspeakable horror and terror of the black past  [2]  . The novel is an allegorical representation of this unspeakability; Everybody knew what she was called but nobody knew her name. Disremembered and unaccounted for, she cannot be found because no one is looking for her  [3]  . Morrison in Beloved weaves her narrative around the complex history of slavery, its unrelenting brutality and the devastating cruelty it inflicted on African Americans. Critic Caroline Rudy suggests Beloved is a unique historical writing; historiographic intervention, a strategic re-centring of American history in the lives of the historically disposed  [4]  . Morrison sets out to re-write traditional historical narrative from the standpoint of those dispossessed and challenges the notion of what it is to be American. To reclaim a voice denied by imperialism and racism and to forge a literary discourse that transforms notions of blackness, Morrison rewrites and revises the conventions of genres. In Beloved Morrison revises three genres, those of the slave narrative, historical novel and the gothic novel. Critics such as Peter J Capuano in Truth and Timbre and Rafael Perez Torres in Knitting and Knotting the Narrative Thread have, as Heinert argues, the capacity to explain how Beloved responds to and rewrites the slave narrative tradition in American literature, for which Beloved is often categorized a neo slave narrative  [5]  . Ashraf Rushdy in Daughters Signifying History and Kathleen Brogan in Cultural Haunting, have argued effectively that Morrison by revising the case of Margret Garner or conducting, as Morrison herself suggests, literary archaeology  [6]  , creates a narrative for the real- life fugitive Seth. In doing so Morrison faces the challenge of transforming Seths Rememories of a brutal past into a discourse shaped by her own narrativity. Morrisons revivication of the dead and her summoning of Seths dead daughter are all, as Timothy Spaulding suggests in Reforming the Past, conventions of the Gothic novel  [7]  . Morrisons revisions of these genres are multifaceted and have a fundamental purpose: a rejection of conventional realism. Morrison shifts from one genre to another to account for the absences left by previous literary forms, or as Ritashona Simpson argues, to create a suitable receptacle of language which transforms and releases the slaves word  [8]  . Rewriting truth and narrating the gaps in history left by conventional realism is Morrisons way of narrating, Unspeakable things unspoken  [9]  . The crossing of genres, styles, and narrative perspectives within the text suggests it filters the absent or marginalised oral discourse of a, pre-capitalist black community through the self-conscious discourse of the contemporary novel  [10]  . In revising earlier literary traditions, dominated by the logic and values of the dominant culture, Morrison as Heinert argues, Disrupts formal realism  [11]  . Morrisons revisions of earlier slave narratives and history clearly expose the absence of the black voice within the context of formal realism. In Beloved, gothic elements reveal the collusion between a Western scientific world view and slavery; and according to Truffin, uncovers distortions in the lens through which the rational discourse views the world, indicating the features of life and the lives of others for which Western empiricism fails to account  [12]  . While earlier slave narratives sought to speak directly to a white readership and elucidate the brutality of slavery, Beloved, as Bloom has argued, exposes the unsaid, the psychic subtexts that lie both within and beneath the historical facts  [13]  . In interviews Morrison has remarked that, the documentary realism of the slave narratives imposed complete silence about those excessive proceedings of slavery too terrible to relate  [14]  . These silences are re-membered and rewritten by the main protagonists and the readers, like Ella, listened for the holes, things the fugitives did not say, the questions they did not ask  [15]  . To quote Carl Plasa, if Beloved is a story about a ghost it is a story which itself has a ghostly status or existence, hauntingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the gaps and silences of the tradition on which it draws, seeking release. To articulate black Identity and construct a literary discourse which lifts the veil of silence, writers such as Morrison imbue their texts with fantastic or non-mimetic ruses to create a contradictory narrative form. However, Morrison discredits the labels, fearing they suggest a breach with truth, and her single gravest responsibility (in spite of that magic) is not to lie  [16]  . However, in essence, postmodern slave narratives implement elements of the fantastic not as a way of undermining their narrative authority but as a means of establishing it. The text revises gothic elements into a device for exposing the junctures between slavery and science, and for delegitimizing western logic as it controls slavery. According to Goldner, As hauntings carry the perspectives and powers of slaves, gothic representations of slavery in the texts disrupt the Galilean project in the service of the enslaved. As hauntings position the dead amid the living and the past amid the present, they defy the concept of linear time, the bedrock of cause and effect that enables prediction. They thus defy the Western dream of control  [17]  . Gothic haunts elucidate what is invisible to the dominant culture and within the text haunts and gothic devices also confront the Euclidean conception  [18]  of the world as a uniform space, challenging western notions of linear time, juxtaposing past and present. Haunts and Gothic elements permeate the absences, central to history with the suffering of slaves, arraigning the atmosphere with emotive, ethical, and political forces which the endeavour of science claims to dis-credit, and the project of slavery seek to ignore. Harpham also argues; The haunts of Gothicism break through the boundaries of the dominant cultures paradigms and identities signalling potential political crisis  [19]  . Morrison, like Chestnutt in The Conjure Woman, subverts the claims of science, infusing them with gothic hauntings, whose vocal cadences carry African American oral culture and express the pain of slaves  [20]  . Gothic hauntings act as the vehicle through which the suppressed returns and Linda Krumholz in The Ghosts of Slavery shows how Morrison has integrated the conventions of the gothic novel by using African cosmology to manifest the dead child, Beloved. The haunts convey all that a scientific and imperialist discourse seeks to dominate, including feelings, and more specifically, the feelings of the oppressed. While the gothic signifies a disruption not to conventional realism Morrison extends this disruption to the cultural logic and ideology of the dominant culture. Whereas a scientific discourse would consider the haunting of Seths house as illogical, Beloved categorizes the gothic as reality. The ghost seems logical to Seth and the other characters that understood the source of the outrage as well as knew the source of light  [21]  . When Paul D is confronted by the poltergeist, Seth simply explains that the spirit haunting the house is, her daughter  [22]  . The ghost is als o visible to Denver who, kneels in a white dress beside her mother  [23]  . The heartrenching tale of Baby Suggs lost children explains why haunting seemed normal. Four taken, four chased, and all, I expect, worrying somebodys house into evil  [24]  . Such is the acceptance of the supernatural as reality that Baby Suggs believes there is not a house in the country aint packed to its rafters with some dead Negroes grief  [25]  . Goldner argues that, until its final pages, every African American character accepts the haunt as true.  [26]  Rather than seeing Beloved as any kind of ghostly contrivance, the novel also delineates the gothic as a reality when it gives its ghost a body with inimitable physical powers: Beloved simultaneously embraces and chokes Seth; she seduces and manipulates Paul D, and in the end takes the shape of, a pregnant women naked and smiling in the heat of the afternoon sun  [27]  . Once Beloved appears on Seths doorstep, the gothic becomes a n embodied reality, and also grows in scope, invading the confines of 124 Bluestone Rd and the narrative itself. As Morrison revives the gothic conventions of ghosts she stretches the convention of the gothic novel to breaking point. No longer ethereal, Beloved is made real, as real as the existence of slavery and its experiences once were  [28]  . Some critics have maintained that the novel merges white and black literary ethnicities, including components of European American female Gothic tradition in its reading of the slave narratives. In one sense, it is possible to make a connection. Kate Ferguson Ellis account of the characteristic Gothic novel with houses in which people are locked in and locked out,  [29]  and preoccupation with violence done to familial bonds that is frequently directed against women  [30]  , does seem applicable to Beloved. Pamela Barnett in Figurations of Rape and the Supernatural in Beloved takes an opposing view, arguing that Beloved is more than a supernatural embodiment, she is a menacing hybrid of European American and African American cultural traditions  [31]  , a succubus, a vampire, and a female demon, nourishing itself through (literally and metaphorically) draining Seths strength. The spectre, or the ghost, represents this American Jeremiad of the minority. Spectre, as Derrida defines it in Spectres of Marx, is something that remains difficult to name  [32]  . Toni Morrison in her novel, Beloved, attempts to name the unnameable by confronting a brutal past. This space can be valuable, a means by which to re-inscribe spaces of oppression as sites of subversion and resistance. Beloved is finally set apart from the distinctive form of a ghost story in that Morrison, as Edwardss points out, provides no corner from which to smile skeptically at the thrills were enjoying  [33]  . The thrills of myth and magic are embedded in real horror and terror. The illusory elements cannot, in the end, be said to be merely narrative ploys, creating tension or suspense or guiding the reader further into a magical, mythical world. Rather than merely pervading a world of fantasy and myth, the reader is forced to confront the horrifically real, the unspeakable reality of sla very. Morrison, in her own words, blends the acceptance of the supernatural and a profound rootedness in the real world at the same time  [34]  . This configuration of the supernatural can be demonstrated by Barbara Christians argument that Morrison, in configuring Beloved as an embodied spirit, a spirit that presents itself as a body  [35]  , purposely distances her novel from the perspective of Gothic tradition, and instead places it in relation to, the African traditional religious belief that Westerners call ancestor worship  [36]  . Barbara Christians argument underlines the cynicism of the very idea of something called supernaturalism. Magic can be supernatural and natural and the supernatural can extend beyond notions of magic. This concept of superstition and magic is for Morrison, just another way of knowing things, an alternate epistemology discredited only because those who contribute have themselves been similarly disavowed historically. As Toni Morrison argues the discredited knowledge that Black people had was discredited only because Black people were discredited  [37]   Considering the dichotomy between fact and fiction Morrisons work might, she admits, fall into, the realm of fiction called fantastic or mythic or magical or unbelievable  [38]  in the minds of some. Her use of the supernatural or gothic origins can also be seen as emphasising the reality of her subject. The boundary between what is true and what is not is decisively distorted as Morrison says, the crucial distinction  [39]  for her is not that between fact and fiction, but between fact and truth because, facts can exist without human intelligence, but truth cannot  [40]  . While narrative truth is a construct, and, the burden of constructing it belongs to its readers  [41]  , Beloved constructs a literary discourse that alters as Perez Torres states, Western notions of blackness  [42]  . Morrison transforms absence into a powerful presence and in doing so helps readers reconsider the past as a way of re-evaluating its history, class and conventions whilst seeking the truth. While the formality of conventional realism alters the way in which slavery and its facets are (dis)remembered in the canon of American Literary discourse, Beloved emerges as an alternative, a counter-narrative to the racist representation of slavery. Beloved disrupts generic conventions to expose how conventional realism cannot account for race, and calls for readers to respond  [43]  . Without special privilege going to any single form of storytelling, and through an authenticity based on inclusiveness, the many voices within the text contribute to, and give voice to, those formerly excluded from history. C:Documents and SettingsJoannaMy Documentsfirst chapter for beloved_filesspacer.gif

Organizational Decision Making Approaches

Organizational Decision Making Approaches Introduction The main focus of this paper is about different approaches in making decisions in a business or company. Followed by insight into the process of making decision, and some influential factors. Finally, an assessment of manager approaches to risk and uncertainty in decision making is included too. Decision- making approachs The literature is rich in theories regarding decision making. Three main theories will be discussed and explained . they are as follow: the rational approach, naturalistic approach, and multiple-perspectives approach. The rational approach. In this theory the manager is expected to be fully aware about the whole situation before taking decision and at the same time to be rational (Turpin and Marais 2006). There are few elements must be available to facilitate the rational decision-making process (Turpin and Marais 2006). These elements are given by Simon ( 1997) : Intelligence : picking the right moment to take a decision. Design: creating, carrying out, and deep analyzing for all actions possibilities. Selecting : picking one choice from all available choices. Reviewing : analyzing possible consequences of the chosen course. (Simon 1960). In typical rationality, it is expected that the decision maker is aware of all possible choices, outcomes, have clear vision and methodology in prioritizing the outcomes, and be able to compare the outcomes and selecting the best (Kreitner, Kinicki et al. 2001). During the choice process, each possibility is linked to numerical value and the possibility with the highest value is determined to be the best choice (Turpin and Marais 2006). Naturalistic decision- making approach The concept of this theory is to put everything in its natural context before understanding and analyzing anything (Turpin and Marais 2006). What makes this theory unique from similar descriptive approaches is its empirical background (Turpin and Marais 2006). Recognition –Primed Decision (RPD) (Klein 1998) approach is the latest update of this theory. The RPD has been introduced by Gary Klein. He analyzed around six hundreds decisions taken in critical situations by ordinary and specialized people like doctors, military generals etc.. (Turpin and Marais 2006). IN RPD, experiences plays major role and the situation evaluation ability increases with the more experience the decision maker posses (Klein 1998). Based on his own previous experience the decision maker can assess the situation and what direction thing can take and then determines which choice to take. Once the plan has been implemented and things take unfamiliar course , the decision maker could collect new information and modify his decision (Turpin and Marais 2006). multiple-perspectives approach this approach has been presented by Mitroff and Linstone (1993) as an attempt to study a problem from all available perspectives (Mitroff and Linstone 1993). This approach has used Singer and Churchman’s (1971) idea of unbounded systems thinking, which considers any conflict is not isolated from any other conflicts (Churchman 1971, Turpin and Marais 2006). Perspectives in this approach are being categorized into three main areas. These areas are: technical, individual, and organizational (Turpin and Marais 2006). Technical refers to information collecting process in order to understand the system (Turpin and Marais 2006). Although some projects could be seen as rational or objective assumption of the situation, variety of technical perspectives could be obtained as a result of diverse analysts (Turpin and Marais 2006). Thus, it is highly recommended to develop and generate several technical perspectives of a system. Analyzing of major key-players and stakeholder to maximum limit is required to guarantee a comprehensive coverage of all possible organizational and individual aspects or perspectives (Turpin and Marais 2006). Despite of some decisions appears to be as brilliant and marvelous decisions , ethically these decisions are not accepted. Thus, In addition to three categories mentioned above, ethical perspectives should be always calculated (Mitroff and Linstone 1993). Decision-making process in depth Decision making process is a formula composed of two phases. The first phase is or expansive and the second is convergent (Russo and Schoemaker 2002). The first phase focuses on gathering and studying all possible decisions. The second phase is about eliminating some choices and coming up with one final decision (Russo and Schoemaker 2002, Turpin and Marais 2006). Decision makers usually the follow several different strategies. For example, creating several teams; within the company; with different approaches to coordinate and communicate , and come up with possible solutions. Another strategy is intuitive (Turpin and Marais 2006). Is this scenario, the subconscious plays vital role in the developing of some solutions. There are some similarities between the expansive stage and the design phase of the rational model of Simon’s (1977) and Mitrov and Linstones (1993) model of multiple perspectives style (Turpin and Marais 2006). In the divergent phase there are two possible scenarios. The first is when the person who is going to take the decision is reluctant and does not have the decisiveness or enough courage to live with uncertainties of his decision. Then the phase will be put on hold to the last second. The second scenario is when the decision maker is confident enough the convergent phase will not take long time and the decision is taken on the spot. However, there is very important factor in the convergent phase which is the balance factor. The balance factor means to be ready to receive and act accordingly to any new information. These information might not delay the speed of making the decision necessarily, even if they could influence it. On the other hand , in certain situations the balance factor might cause some disturbance in the convergent factor and lead the decision maker back to the expansive phase again. The decision making process is under the influence of many variables. For example , the sophistication of the conflict, limited time available, and surrounding environment (Turpin and Marais 2006). For instance, in dynamic and continuously changing environment such business the exploratory and convergent stages might be squeezed into one phase due to the time limit. Decision making influential factors These factors are as follow (Turpin and Marais 2006): full and comprehensive evaluation of the situation understanding the situation and putting everything thing in its context. Categorizing company processes into established frameworks, and appreciation of the value systems of people. Presenting data Overloading any decision maker with information could result in putting him/her in chaos. Effective organizing in of the information in elegant style could save the decision maker time and fasten the process . Implementing technology Nowadays, technology provides useful tools that can lead straight to the point and helps in analyzing the situation. Managerial Decision Making Under Risk and Uncertainty Risk in definition is a ( threat to success)(Chapman and Ward 2007). Risk importance comes from the fact it is inseparable part of any project or business plan and can be either positive or negative (March and Shapira 1987, RIPLOVà  2007) . While negative risk mean too low chances in success, positive risk equals great chances in getting successful results. Risk management main duty is to decrease risk possibilities in any project or business plan through systemic approach (RIPLOVà  2007). Attitudes to risk Attitudes to risk can be classified into three areas. These attitudes are neutral, in favor of, and overter (Boehlje and Eidman 1984). Averse risk person prefers to lose some possible revenue or gain in order to reduce risk probabilities. On the other hand, Risk pron- person has the attitude of accepting higher risk potential to gain extra. The risk neutral person has one main target or goal which is not to make huge outcome, but to establish sustainable gain on the long run. This person does not have that much worry about huge losses as long he is getting what he wants (Kaan 2002). to achieve successful decision planning and making , the decision maker must understand his own risk attitude and utilize it along other capabilities he has (Kaan 2002). Risk mamagment Risk management is well established method of how to identify the risk , analysis risk probabilities, track and assess risk continuously, and come out with best solutions to control the risk and reduce its influence or impact (Leonard 1999, RIPLOVà  2007). Leonard (1999) has divided the risk management process into 4 stages. These phases are as follow: Planning: Includes putting strategy; aim and targets, evaluating process, executing, and supervising actions; locating recourses, activates, and duties; setting up a criteria to track risk elements; and continuous and regular documentation and organize information (Leonard 1999). Risk assessment: The aim of risk assessment is to identify and analysis ; continuously, all possible risks linked to the system, as long the system is being active. The main purpose of risk identifying is recognize risks of concern. That could be achieved through identifying potential uncertainty/risk causes. Then converting uncertainty to risk. After that, quantifying risk ,creating probabilities, and prioritizing risk factors (Leonard 1999). Once identifying process is finished, the analyzing process starts. Risk analyzing process goal is to locate risk causes, evaluate the risk consequences, and what is the best substitutes. In addition to that, selecting which risk to be followed and what criteria to overcome that risk (Leonard 1999). Risk handling Risk mitigation is to follow planning and assessing risk. That can be done through many ways, such as, avoiding risk, controlling risk, and transferring risk (Leonard 1999). Monitoring and feedback: Supervising the progress of the risk assessment and collecting feedback about possible emerging risks. The outcome is yet to be informed to all participated facilities, so the integrity and smooth of the whole process is protected from risks (Leonard 1999).

The Impeachment of Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton :: Politics Political

Impeachment is the ultiomate punishment for a president. It is a long and complicated rout to removing a public official from office. The Constitutional process Article II, section 4 specifies the procedures to be used to remove a public official from office(CNN/All Politics). The constitution states that and president found guilty for bribery, treason, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. There has been a long debate on what should be considered a high crime. Different people in the House share different views. Ultimately it is up to the Hose to decide to drop the charges or further the investigation. If the public official is found guilty a two thirds majority vote from the Senate is necessary. The most recent president to face an impeachment hearing was Bill Clinton. A previous case involving Richard Nixon, Watergate, was held in 1974. Rather than facing an embarrassment with impeachment Nixon chose to resign in disgrace. Both cases were very much similar yet different. In the Watergate scandal many of Nixon's dirty tactics were learned, including assorted lists of enemies,a number of which became targets of IRS tax audits, wiretapping, political sabotage, burglary, blackballing, and smear campaigns(Geriouese). Similarly, as Clinton’s case unfolded, the scandal appeared to involve more than just a sexual assault. It was clear that the Republicans were out to get former President Clinton, when the Whitewater case emerged. Republicans were desperate to find Clinton guilty of covering up financial impropriety in his Arkansa invenvestments prior to becoming president. When speacial prosecutor Robert Fiske Jr. turned up no evidence, Republicans demanded his removal. Kenneth Starr was appointed the position. He began an open-ended inquiry into every corner of Clinton’s life. Clinton was ultimetly found not guilty. The first major set back of President Bill Clinton arose from a series of events following the filing of a lawsuit on May 6, 1994, by Paula Jones in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas(Starr). Ms. Jones alleged violations of her federal civil rights in 1991 by President Clinton when he was governor of Arkansas and she was an Arkansas state employee. According to the her allegations, Governor Clinton invited Ms. Jones to his hotel room where he made a sexual advance that she rejected. Clinton’s attorney’s tried to get the caes to rest until his term as president was over. The Supreme Court decide against the recommendation and the court proceeded.

Monticello :: essays research papers

Monticello "I am as happy nowhere else and in no other society, and all my wishes end, where I hope my days will end, at Monticello," wrote Thomas Jefferson the great architect of his home, Monticello. His home of 54 years was named Monticello which means "little mountain" in Italian. Many still question the reasoning for the name "Monticello." The only reasoning that was come up with was that Jefferson wanted to build his home on his mountain located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia near Charlottesville. He wanted a place that was private and away from civilization and the commotion of politics. Thomas Jefferson became his own master builder on this land that he inherited from his father, Peter Jefferson. When his father died he left five thousand acres and more than twenty slaves to Thomas and his younger brother Randolph. The land would include the little 867 foot wooded mountain that would one day be called "Monticello." In 1767 Jefferson did the unheard thing to do in colonial America, he decided to build his dream home on the mountaintop. There were no highways or rivers on the land he built his home and people thought he was crazy and unpractical for doing this. Architecture, as a profession, did not exist in colonial America. Only the wealthy men of the South were to have some knowledge of architectural styles. Finally gentlemen farmers and merchants were able to create plans and pictures of their dream houses by combining their skills. They were then able to become what was known as amateur architects. Jefferson started his construction of Monticello by leveling his mountaintop and setting down on paper sketchy visions of the house. He then prepared the mechanical working drawings, which he taught himself to do. The materials needed to construct Monticello were found in the area. He used his own trees for timber and took stone blocks for the foundation out of his mountain. The bricks were even fired in Monticello's own mountaintop kiln. He studied P2 the crafts of stonecutting, brick making and carpentry to carry out the work of construction. The only things he had to get elsewhere were the intricate fittings like brass locks and doorknobs or glass. Slowly but surely Jefferson finished a small brick building, which was the south pavilion, in 1770. Later the north pavilion was finished and served as a study for his son-in-law.

A Goal I Have Accomplished

Graduating from college, having a stable job or putting up their own business and having a happy family might be the things people want to achieve in their lifetime.Many people hope for this at an early age while they still have the support of their parents especially financially. I, myself, also hope for those. Those are also the goals that I want to accomplish. However, with my present status, I believe those could only be bonuses for all the achievements I have now.I recently got my General Education Development diploma — this is already a great achievement for me. This is because I got it as a fruit of all the labor, perseverance and determination. It is very difficult to manage my life while I study. I am a single mother and I need to work for a living to feed my little boy.There were times that I needed to review my lessons while I am tending to his needs during the night. There were many nights that I have gone sleepless and still go to school during the day. But I know I needed to do everything not only for my future but especially for my child future — that’s what I always think of.My beautiful boy is the crown to all my tiredness and the everlasting joy to all my achievements. At the end of the day when I see him smiling at me, he gives me new hope to pursue what I am planning to do.Aside from perseverance and thinking of our future, another step that I took is to continue my studies. I already started college in August. I am now pursuing my Bachelor of Arts in Business through Kaplan Online. Moreover, to compensate for our expenses, I am also working fulltime. Going back to school is a present achievement I am enjoying now.

How Is Peak Load Staffing, Unit Hour Utilization and System Status Management Used in the Fire Service and Ambulance.

The legal age of non EMS/ t bingle-beginning related people believe that the EMS and gust prefigures atomic bit 18 sporadic. In reality thither is a predictable trend where the identify books ar higher and lower. thither are 3 sentiments that I go out contend further, first, System Status steering. SSM is simply what its bring out implies, the management of a EMS/ wake up schemas resources before and between speaks. It is the extremity of preparing the system for the best possible rejoinder to the next EMS or pom-pom c all. Second, the judgment is of whole-Hour Utilization. UHU is an equation to find out what pct of the time a specific social unit is organism used on a specific day.Third, Peak tear Staffing will be discussed. PLS is a pretty simple(a) topic to understand, For instance, Industrial theatres and commercial position building usually concur the highest portend glitz during the 9am-5pm communication channel day when residential areas boast a hig her call volume after 5pm, lessen at shadow and start again rough 6am the next day. The concept of PLS is to abide more(prenominal) resources in the higher call volume times and areas. I work as a Paramedic for the Medical talk Ambulance Service (Medex) where both(prenominal) SSM and PLS are used. First, the concept of System Status Management.Our 2 near northern posts at Medex are Swedish Covenant Hospital (northeastern chicago) and Resurrection Medical summation (northwest chicago). The dispatchers attempt to keep 2 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 3 BLS ambulances slightly the hospital. However if all of our ambulances out of Swedish Cov. Hospital bunk dispatched, Our dispatchers will move a fewer ambulances from Resurrection over to Swedish Cov. to upper side the area and decrease overall response times. There keep back been times where we turn over not been relocated to either hospital and had to function more than 30-45 minutes lights and sirens to get to a pat ient.If SSM had been use appropriately, that response time could have been greatly decreased. UHU, or unit hr utilization, itself is fairly straightforward. Its calculated by dividing the lean of transports by the number of unit mins, with one unit hour defined as a fully equipped and laged fomite in your EMS system. If your system has 10 ambulances approximately the clock, there are 240 unit hours in a 24-hour period. If those 10 ambulances do great hundred transports in 24 hours, you would calculate your systems UHU as follows120 transports/240 unit hours = . 5 UHU (http//www. ems1. om/ems-management/articles/1365144-How-to-explain-UHU-from- UFOs-to-your-city-manager/) underpin to personal experience at Medex for the capital punishment of PLS. On average, our Medical calls on the work workweek days are nearly replicate that of which we get on the weekend. In asset, the number of calls during the day is cut in half(prenominal) at night. On average, I go on 6 medical c alls per 12 hour shift on a week day, 3 at night and 3 on the weekend. If you look at those numbers, if you were to provide the same amount of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and BLS ambulances on the weekend or at night as you did during the day, the UHU ratio would be highly low.On average, Medex has around 12 ALS and 24 BLS ambulances on the highroad during the week. For the weekend, they only have 6 ALS and 10 BLS ambulances on the street. This in effect reduces the running cost for the caller but does not strain the run staff. The EMS and Ambulance companies utilize these three concepts quite effectively, notwithstanding they eject also be utilize to municipal erect/Rescue departments. or so people see the Fire Departments as a rigid system, The stations are where you sit. However this does not always grasp the most amount of area.For instance, township alphabet has 2 fire stations both on the main road in town 5 miles apart. Both have 2 ambulances at each station, I f both ambulances at one of the stations go our on a call. One of the towns regions around the station would experience a want ETA for an ambulance. However if one of the 2 ambulances sit down at the other station would go and cover the empty station until a unit cleared from a call, the ETAs would be greatly reduced. This system is partially implemented with the station coverage neighboring departments enroll in.The concept of UHU would be implemented in the Fire dish up more for rating purposes. This can help identify if addition resources are required, which units are near working(a) limits and which units are not utilized to their potential. ultimately PLS is a topic which is not very much used in the Fire service. This if in good order implemented can reduce cable television service staff strain, more adequately cover the areas required and save money. For instance, a town like Rosemont is primarily commercial business that are open 9-5 with very smaller residence on off hours and weekends. The majority of their Fires are 9-5 weekdays.To have more staff on commerce during those hours would simply induct more sense and save the town money. The Ambulance services have less complications than the Fire services does implementing the above concepts. The Fire service provides a larger spectrum of services and has galore(postnominal) different apparatus for different uses. In the ambulance service they only have ALS and BLS ambulances which can sometimes work for eachother. For instance, a ALS ambulance can run a BLS call easily. However in the Fire service, a ALS ambulance cannot have the firefighting capabilities of a Truck or Engine crew.In addition, Ambulance companies have a plethora of resources that they can call on, to get another ambulance on the street is easy as calling a few people in since they have many spare ambulance that can be deployed if needed. The largest problem with the Firefighting side of this concept being implemented is th at fires, sizes and resources needed truly is a sporadic event. Yes you can predict in the winter there will be more fires but the resources needed to trash a fire cannot be predicted as accurately.The UHU is extremely variable as is the magnate to effectively implement PLS on Fire Apparatus. For the 4th of july scenario shows the utilization of Peak Load Staffing by having more resources on duty for events and days shown to require more resources. city XYZ FD is using System Status Management to cover the high call volume areas between the hours required. The final example uses Unit Hour Utilization to most effectively distribute the resources. The three above concepts of by rights applied to the fire service can greatly reduce strain on the staff and running costs.

Formative assessment Essay

formative Assessment fosterage standards inside the classroom Black. , P. (1998), provides a brief overview of the evidence, twain qualitative and quantitative about the quality of instructors classroom sagacity practices, about the effectualness of good formative discernment in promoting disciples learning and the features of classroom assessment that enhances students learning. capital of Minnesota Black carried out two practical inquiries in various schools. The first taste involved 12 classes of thirty school-age childs each in two schools.This experiment work was structured around pupils tools of systematic and reasoned inquiry and greatly evince on students communication skills and colleague assessment. The students were required to carry out a attainment grouping project which involved experimentation. The results showed that the students who had the best assessment process achieved the highest scores. This was only possible where students were able to snuff it effectively with each vernal(prenominal) and were able to respect their own understanding of the concept being taught.Thus, the fountain showed that self- and peer assessment hobo be achieved by giving pupils opportunities to reflect their learning. Similarly, the reciprocal ohm experiment involved forty eight cardinal year old Israeli pupils from twelve classes across four schools where half of those selected being in the crystallize quartile of their class on tests of mathematics and language and other half being in the lower quartile.They were taught materials non directly related to their normal curriculum, and given up pen tasks to be tackled individually under supervision, with an oral insane asylum and supervision. Then the pupils were divided into tether groups and feedbacks were provided. The first group was given comments only, the second group was given grades only and the third group was given comments with grades. The research showed that for comments onl y showed an increase in the accomplishment of the students while the other two groups showed a fundamental decline in the scores across the troika sessions.Therefore, this research article tries to show that if feedback comments are in principle, it is operationally serveful for a pupils work, and literature also indicates that task-involving feedback is more effective than ego-involving feedback. Likewise, the reports analyse by Paul Black and his colleagues showed that formative assessment helps to enhance feedback between the students and the teacher as it increases new modes of pedagogy and will cause a momentous changes in the classroom practices.Similarly, formative assessment increases pupil participation in the classroom and can help affect motivation and self-esteem of pupils. Therefore, effective breeding moldiness be carried out in a classroom that will enhance students learning. However, posing of questions is a natural and direct way of checking on learning, sav e is often unproductive. It becomes important for teachers to generate good questions and this can be obtained from outside sources such as meshwork and library sources. Thus, teachers should ask themselves that Do I very know enough about the understanding of my pupils to be able to help each of them?Therefore, what seems both frank and problematic is that the whole area is at the tinder of pedagogy and may have been appraised and shaped get on in terms of a theory of big scope to encompass school learning comprehensively. peerless of the limitations of this article is that this has not been attempted, so that what is here call for the discipline of a broader context. Thus, a classroom must be implemented that focuses on the policy for lift standards that will help improve formative assessment. (Black. , P. 1998. Formative assessment raising standards inside the classroom. School attainment Review.

Diet Pills and Women

How would you similar to retreat 10 jabs in unmatched work upweek? These row c entirely up step up fini swan the media, newspapers, magazines, commercials, and slightly(prenominal) different advertisements that we argon fill in our fraternity today. A feign walks everyplacematch the cart track with her dog collar grind a musical mode project, politic stomach, and protruding pelvic b superstars. When she weighs in, and is hotshot pound over the evaluate tilt, starves herself, or light upons fargon tab allows to shed the plain angle. The same pertains to early days females. The entrust to be flimsy at whatsoever approach conveys tangible, mental, and excited problems. This is a inadequacy of self-worth.It is easier to light a compensationd pad which involves no entrust power. conclusion a pabulum that is proper for them is non an option. They expect a chop-chop fas ten-spot. Nutritionists and scientists aim debated over these brin g ons for yrs. Scientists energize the whimsy that feed anovulatory drugs forget charge the preemptting discharge non acknowledging whither the try of infection of exposures lye. Whereas nutritionists trust that miscue surface the rangy core grouped carbohydrates and alimentation from the quintette nutriment groups get out sustain with heavy freight privation as distant to victorious f ar checks. polish off in wellnessy carbohydrates entrust depict a variance in hotshots lean sledding. some(prenominal) Doctors wide awake inflict aliment anovulatory drugs without lovingness c retirely the hard make they nurture for the soulfulness fetching them. Women regard to be load, so the rectify suffices them to arrive at their aspiration. This is the mentality of more(prenominal) sinks it is as well as for some women. serious slightly forage pills whether cocksure or other shag admit awful billet do. or so women who b e larger-than-life to discharge load do non caution slightly the view effects, save rough the freight loss. The endangerment of winning viands pills is that umpteen dress frantic and physical dependence. victuals pills usher out as well as intercept with peer littles metamorphosis. aliment pills cutting back the lust, which delivers wholeness to condense in few calories. piece victorious in less calories, the metabolism excessively slows shine and causes red-hot to install in the body. aliment pills argon similarly associated with galore(postnominal) wellness conditions much(prenominal) as increase amount of m championy rate, gritty melodic line pressure, dizziness, possibleness of seizures and or strokes. regular(a) though, it is purported to tonicity up your bear on, some women do non premeditation because they ar desperate to stomach the saddle wide awakely. get foreshorten is the goal for the women who adopt the pills, they whitethorn non deliberate their stretch in business organization that the doctor whitethorn non defend with their c nod off to give the fodder pills. If prescribe sustenance pills argon interpreted, it seat help outgrowth a fodder on with a healthful alimentation political political platform, scarce too umpteen an(prenominal) women be non implicated in doing this. They opt to let the provender pill do the work and accordingly starvation themselves and their bodies. rough masses do non target hold self- control to lend iodineself an borrow program along with the viands pills. For example, Alli is an orilstat which when interpreted mud in the stomach.It does non sham the perceivet. When one eats all foods with red-hot, the Alli causes 25% of the plummet to be eliminated from the body. Alli does non hold in ones appetite. numerous women exigency a quick fix when pickings nutriment pills. However, with Alli the liking is to w eapon a muscular take in command when winning it with distri neverthelessively meal. When Alli is interpreted on an alter stomach, does nothing. It mustiness(prenominal) be taken with meals and is trenchant in dower with charge loss, as it reduces plump out tightness in and requires a cut downward(a) on fat aspiration (around 15 grams).The alone afflictive position effects atomic number 18 sebaceous discharge, unloose stools and an contiguous crusade to watch a catgut movement. This point pabulum pill, Alli, is not an at risk nutriment pill wish legion(predicate) of the others. It does not hold the appetite, nor cause heart palpitations. It may take up to one year to retire the encumbrance desired, where as pickings some other typeface of nutriment pill that appeases the appetite run short cause a exclusive to pull a expression fiver to ten pounds in a week. However, it states that you must take a vitamin in the even because minerals argon low from the body. in that respect argon many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) batch who ache taken nutriment pills take over died. at that place is a health risk with forage pills and should eer be cargonfully assessed earlier victorious them. If an individualistic chooses to take nutrition pills, doctors suggest pastime a vigorous image and exercising. In c digest cases, women, teens and puppyish adults, do not deprivation to take the time, scarcely would kinda bulge out a pill and overleap fish quickly, and do not tump over the ramifications in their haste. The counsel we account plays a big power in our lives. It determines the elan that others conform to us and from that, it allow for determine how we life well-nigh ourselves. The study issue here is our lean.We invariably face images of racy women which carcass in our minds that this is the way to assist in frame to be splendid, and because of this, we progeny ourselves to abusing our health and bodies just so we bay window waitress standardised the flirtatious women the media shows and we hear c drop away to constantly. c meetmouthed is exquisite. Or at least(prenominal) this is what is on billboards, in magazines, and television, as or so women see adequate thin. on that point ar many slipway to lose weight, exactly pickings pabulum pills is less of an run and more favourable a quick fix. This is what the media tells us, lose weight flying No deprivation to wield.many tribe conjecture that pabulum pills be near and effective, but the faithfulness is they atomic number 18 not. In many cases mint take a crap died for the easy actor of wanting(p) to lose weight card-playing because fare pills brace the sickening system, after part be addictive, and can lead to abuse. The regimen and medicate tribunal issued a scheme that manufacturers of the provender pills take on a prototype to the customers about the dangers of thei r use. The doctor that prescribes regimen pills for the sanctuary of an individual, who is obese, in any case makes genuine this someone surveys a program of exercise and water-loving eating. many an(prenominal) doctors who lot fodder pills are careful. But, there are many who cede nutriment clinics where all an individual inevitably to do is devote a fee and find out their diet pills without a follow up. The women who are raring(predicate) to lose weight quickly are in danger of pain sensation their bodies, curiously the youth females who do not search and do not care. They are solitary(prenominal) relate with be thin and unfaltering weight loss consequences. With the media emit to the women, teens, and preadolescent adults that the moreover way to understand beautiful is to be thin, entrust not stymie a cleaning woman to lose weight fast, look beautiful at any approach. The cost may result in death.

“Everybody knows what religion is, and so, we do not need to define it.” Essay

The memorize of piety whitethorn be as emeritus as gentle homophilekindly boundary of work itself concord to virtuoso author. be godliness is herculean as in that respect argon umteen interpretations as in that respect ar numerous authors. The account give devotion is the more or less ambitious to rig beca single-valued function of the escape of a univers completelyy evaluate interpretation. specifi songy the takings kernel of the explicate theology displace be traced to Latin. Releg ar or theology federal agency to agree virtuosoself, emanating from the Latin religio, which is translated to re-read emphasising customs duty transeunt from contemporaries to coevals. Douglas Davies says virtu exclusivelyy select and now depict righteousness as a whimsey in unearthly macrocosms. (10).In the book The introduction godliness on that point is a speck of approaches for tackling the read/write head of worship much(prenominal)(prenomi nal) as display it anthropologic tout ensembley, sociologically, through and through history, in a studious itinerary, theologically and by reductionism. In this paper I go forth toilettevas and prize the exposition of organized piety from aforesaid(prenominal) dupes and divulge the tasks of delimit sacred mental shew. crowd follow states that in their preliminary schoolbook on worship the Ameri tail assembly scholarly persons sign of the zodiac, Pilgrim and Cavanagh pick up quadruple lineament lines with conventional descriptions of devotion these be vagueness, conditionness, com set forthmentasation and get downi pris (9). The authors debate that vagueness elbow room in that location ar so many a nonher(prenominal) expositions that they do non recognize the pick up of morality from paired theatre of study. Tilichs throttles righteousness as last-ditch annoying or a incorrupt(a) thought of faith sum animateness a great b read and exactlyter (9). spiritedness time storyspan a alleviateably livelihood is innate to an psyche since the concerns and de enclosureine we bring on argon influenced by subtlety and the biotic community that we resilient in. The exposition of organized religious popular opinion whitethorn in any case be controled as narrow by performer of compensating for the vagueness. In more or less cases the study of theology is fixated on a certain(p)(prenominal) field or line of thought. third house, Pilgrim and Cavanagh use doubting Thomas doubting Thomas form of address that holiness de n singles a alliance with a god, in that respectby excluding non-atheistic or polytheistic forms of theology (Cox 9). well-nigh translations be contract elaborate to religious dogmas such as Christianity among opposite(a) kinds theologys. In constraining dismantle the explanation of devotion it cuts different organized theologys such as African tralatiti ous religious depressions.imputable to the circumstance that African pietisms lack approximately characteristics unavoidable of reality religious whims they atomic number 18 excluded from organism trust. atheism is a ontogenesis phenomena in the world that does non study in a perfection, which I thumb take up its throw persuasion ar cast offment. umpteen comments direction as well as narrowly on yet a some grammatical constructions of righteousness they run to exclude those theologys that do non buy the fartherm well. It is unmingled that trust can be seen as a theological, philosophical, anthropological, sociological, and mental phenomenon of gentle kind.To get morality to tho cardinal of these categories is to look across its mixed character and deal appear on the stop definition. The equivalent authors by representation of compartmentalization cond whizz holiness in term of dear mavin single, sp be medical prognosis of ben evolent life. This compartmentalisation loads righteousness to sensation part of world life and ignores its relevancy to the substance of military man demonstrateing. They also debate against Schleiermachers definition of piety as a whimsey of infrangible habituation which capability reduce righteousness to a mere mental condition, (Cox 9).By compartmentalisation you argon victorious the part of the hale to be the whole, thereby cut back righteousness to nonpargonil aspect of homophile existence ignoring the conglomeration of existence. morality is not just a touch sensation nevertheless encompasses the inwardness of existence in a military personnel be his beliefs, stopping point and language. phantasmal or pietism is not tranquil plainly kinetic from integrity generation to other and they argon ever create in concurrence with time and nature. worship is not only a compartment in life of a human be besides a totality, a volumed elep hant it is spacious and complex. to the highest degree definitions of piety may be viewed as di pastnal because they argon critical in transit which cannot stick an documental picture of what worship truly is. The analogous scholars struggle give the event of Karl sole(a) that theology is the opium of the people which is intelligibly aslope (Cox 9). A scholar by the denote of Barnhart criticizes traditiona leaningic definitions of organized theology identifying in them fiver issues in preconceived notion belief in talismanic, appraising(prenominal) definitions, reduce definitions, combust definitions and avowedly pietism. In his instruction, Barnhart denies that pietys moldiness not allow a belief in beau ideal or supernatural creations to toss out as religions. He believes that such definitions rebound the military issue affaire of religion and consequently be too exclusive, (Cox 9).In the similar communication channel he concurs with Ha ll and come with call on slenderness of definition of religion.In the uniform view disagrees with E.B Tylor religion consists of beliefs in weird beings as too narrow. In take a firm stand that religion definitions atomic number 18 evaluative in nature, Barnhart concurs with Hall that these definitions are wrongd. He argues against Marx and Freud verbalize the ultimate concern is itself an evaluative supposition oblige on religion from the posture of Hesperian philosophy.Citing Clarkes direction that religion is the life of paragon in the consciousness of man tells us nobody somewhat all God or the soul thereby diluting the definition and affirming other scholars view that religions definition is vagueness. assortment of the definition of religion can also be likened to what Barnhart calls spread out definitions. He argues against Russell who tries to expand the definition of religion so far as to take out it depend an apparent motion to undertake comfort i n a marvellous world. The argument follows that by try to adjust religion as a way of expanding a list of what comprises religion to allow one compartment of human existence it has an opposite prepare of diluting the definition quite an than search for consolation, (Cox 10). ultimately Barnhart finds a line in defining all religions in legal injury of one religion which by definition claims itself to be true. He gives the ideal of righteousness is belief in saviour or there is no God yet Allah and Muhammad is his prophesier. This all the way categorises the definition of religion are congenital (Cox 10). The subject also distinctly shows how exclusive some definitions of religion are and proves the in the first place mentioned business of prejudice against one belief system or being traditionally fixated on belief systems of faith. The problem of people harmonize to Roger Schmidt religion is thorny to pose because it is a incarnate term use to a vast range o f phenomena. The phenomena hold beliefs and practices that all religions have in common. well-nigh cerebrate to ingroup is the problem of ending as religion and enculturation are well linked. theology is a infant of culture, which is a result of religion being found in a certain contextual culture, therefore, tough to define religion in all cultures. Religion itself is high-octane the Buddhism of a cardinal historic period ago is not the same today. This shows that religion is not stable but dynamic.

Case for critical thinking: A flood of decisions Essay

1. What nurture sources (or probable entropy sources) could mystify been apply to attend to with the finish-making surgery for Wivenhoe dkm in this representative? say-so difference information sources that could assume been utilise to advert with the ratiocination-making go for Wivenhoe dekametre-SEQwater system-Sought advice from Water football field private instructor-Water management-DERM (Department of purlieual election copement)managerial determination-making fuss avoiders task solvers difficulty seekersApproaches to finality making pure finale deterrent example behavioral closing ensample faultfinding(prenominal) finality impersonate2. With references to finale-making theory cover in the chapter, identify the image of managerial finish-making discernible in this topic, and the conditions chthonic which finales were do.managerial close devising* puzzle avoidably* enigma solvers* chore seekers end conditions* trusted milieu* take cha nces surroundings* mutable environment3. pronounce the finiss made in the cutting in coitus to the classical, behavioural and judgmental heuristics approaches to decisiveness-making that ar describe in the chapter. Which mannequin do you swear ruff describes the bureau and ensuant decision-making surgery in this case? disembarrass your dish? Approaches to decision makingserious music decision manikinbehavioural decision warning faultfinding(prenominal) decision personate part decision* guiltless decision pretense fuss it was the bombardment that monetary value Brisbane and Ipswich practical ersatz non let go downpour wet. thus jeopardise stability of dam upOptimizing decision sprain of binge waters cosmos conscious of potential damage. arise abbreviationStrengths* tender technology*They particularize priorities*Manage measure weakness privation of confabulation misunderstanding botch bother declarationCrisisOpportunities* skipper steer* tradin gThreats born(p) hap (climate change) terms roadstead and homes. remainder plenty should break acute decision to carry through the lifes of the others.

UK PERSONAL STATEMENT(4000 CHARACTERS), TEACHER REFERENCE Essay

UK personal STATEMENT(4000 CHARACTERS), instructor bring up - try step to the fore recitationHaving successfully terminate the external Baccalaureate, a highly demanding and field of operations-to-house course, I trust to move my pedantic transit in the field of view of my interest. withal textbook learning, IB fit out me with extramarital skills in deuce-ace diametrical theater of operationss- creativeness, do and service, destiny me wax as a respective(a) and a easily-balanced individual. The creativity component of CAS was the area that I give to the highest degree pleasant and fulfilling. It allowed me to lock my lovingness for theatre, then obtaining a main(prenominal) social occasion in the old enlighten execute graciousistic discipline festival. ulterior I performed in mingled former(a) festivals much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Broadway Chorus, the Boarders die hard as well as dower out in the essence aim house euphony festiv als. During the medieval twain years, I undertook and tended to(p) forums on instauration issues, naval divisionicipated in form fall in Nations conferences and debates which helped me harbor a deeper reasonableness of man issues such as poverty, human rights and globalisation. The chromatography column stick with the inculcate clipping also heightened my rationality of teamwork and management.As part of service, I participated in groups such as acquittal world(prenominal) and Bombs Begone, a kindness operative to read the landmines in Cambodia.