The Colossus at Rhodes

Located on the island of Rhodes (off the coast of modern Turkey), the Colossus at Rhodes was a giant statue, about 110 feet tall, of the Greek sun-god Helios. Although finished in 282 BCE, this Wonder of the Ancient World only stood for 56 years, when it was toppled by an earthquake. Huge chunks of the former statue stayed on the beaches of Rhodes for 900 years, drawing people around the world to marvel at how man could create something so enormous. Why Was the Colossus of Rhodes Built? The city of Rhodes, located on the island of Rhodes, had been under siege for a year. Caught up in the heated and bloody battle between the three successors of Alexander the Great (Ptolemy, Seleucus, and Antigonus), Rhodes was attacked by Antigonus’ son, Demetrius, for supporting Ptolemy. Demetrius tried everything to get inside the high-walled city of Rhodes. He brought 40,000 troops (more than the entire population of Rhodes), catapults, and pirates. He also brought a special corps of engineers that could make siege weapons specially geared to break into this particular city. The most spectacular thing these engineers built was a 150-foot tower, mounted on iron wheels, that hosted a powerful catapult. To protect its gunners, leather shutters were installed. To protect it from fireballs hurled from the city, each of its nine stories had its own water tank. It took 3,400 of Demetrius’ soldiers to push this mighty weapon into place. The citizens of Rhodes, however, flooded the area around their city, causing the mighty tower to wallow in mud. The people of Rhodes had fought back valiantly. When reinforcements came from Ptolemy in Egypt, Demetrius left the area in a hurry. In such a hurry, that Demetrius left nearly all of this weapons behind. To celebrate their victory, the people of Rhodes decided to build a giant statue in honor of their patron god, Helios. How Did They Build Such a Colossal Statue? Funding is usually a problem for such a large project as the people of Rhodes had in mind; however, that was easily solved by using the weapons that Demetrius had left behind. The people of Rhodes melted down many of the leftover weapons to get bronze, sold other siege weapons for money, and then used the super siege weapon as the scaffolding for the project. Rhodian sculptor Chares of Lindos, the pupil of Alexander the Great’s sculptor Lysippus, was chosen to create this huge statue. Unfortunately, Chares of Lindos died before the sculpture could be completed. Some say he committed suicide, but that is probably a fable. Exactly how Chares of Lindos constructed such a gigantic statue is still up for debate. Some have said that he built a huge, earthen ramp that got bigger as the statue got taller. Modern architects, however, have dismissed this idea as unpractical. We do know that it took 12 years to build the Colossus of Rhodes, likely from 294 to 282 BCE, and cost 300 talents (at least $5 million in modern money). We also know that the statue had an exterior that consisted of an iron framework covered with bronze plates. Inside were two or three columns of stone that were the main supports for the structure. Iron rods connected the stone columns with the exterior iron framework. What Did the Colossus of Rhodes Look Like? The statue was to stand about 110 feet high, on top of a 50-foot stone pedestal (the modern Statue of Liberty is 111 feet high from heel to head). Exactly where the Colossus of Rhodes was built is still not certain, although many believe it was near the Mandraki Harbor. No one knows exactly what the statue looked like. We know that it was a man and that one of his arms was held aloft. He was likely naked, perhaps holding or wearing a cloth, and wearing a crown of rays (as Helios is often portrayed). Some have guessed that Helios’ arm was holding a torch. For four centuries, people have believed that the Colossus of Rhodes was posed with his legs spread apart, one on each side of the harbor. This image stems from a 16th century engraving by Maerten van Heemskerck, which depicts the Colossus in this pose, with ships passing under him. For many reasons, this is very likely not how the Colossus was posed. For one, legs open wide is not a very dignified stance for a god. And another is that to create that pose, the very important harbor would have had to have been closed for years. Thus, it is much more likely that the Colossus was posed with legs together. The Collapse For 56 years, the Colossus of Rhodes was a wonder to see. But then, in 226 BCE, an earthquake struck Rhodes and toppled the statue. It is said that the Egyptian King Ptolemy III offered to pay for the Colossus to be rebuilt. However, the people of Rhodes, after consulting an oracle, decided to not rebuild. They believed that somehow the statue had offended the real Helios. For 900 years, huge pieces of the broken statue lay along the beaches of Rhodes. Interestingly, even these broken pieces were huge and worth seeing. People traveled far and wide to see the ruins of the Colossus. As one ancient writer, Pliny, described after seeing it in the 1st century CE, Even as it lies, it excites our wonder and admiration. Few people can clasp the thumb in their arms, and its fingers are larger than most statues. Where the limbs are broken asunder, vast caverns are seen yawning in the interior. Within it, too, are to be seen large masses of rock, by the weight of which the artist steadied it while erecting it.* In 654 CE, Rhodes was conquered, this time by Arabs. As spoils of war, the Arabs cut apart the remains of the Colossus and shipped the bronze to Syria to sell. It is said that it took 900 camels to carry all that bronze. * Robert Silverberg, The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (New York: Macmillan Company, 1970) 99.

Online Casino Portal Crown Contender - 1746 Words

Blog 16 – Thrills casino emerges as an online casino portal crown contender We have all seen the advertising campaigns for new casinos, as everyone seems to claim to be â€Å"funky, fresh, and revolutionary†. Sadly, all these claims are usually pretty hollow in most cases. Freshman online casinos seldom deliver on what they promise, with many just leaving players feeling deflated. However, while most new online casinos are underwhelming, Thrills has now looked to buck that trend. Its name says it all, in the same vain as Guts, Thrills is an online casino that packs in plenty of adrenaline-fuelled action. It seems as time passes more and more players seem to be jumping aboard this up and coming name, but can Thrills now realistically be considered a contender for the online casino portal crown? Thrills make no bones about what they are, as they proudly promote how dedicated they are to delivering intense gaming action. How they live up to such claim is that they work with NetEnt, one of the biggest online casino game developers on the planet. What this means is that the software options at Thrills run smoothly and gives this online casino some serious backbone. No matter whether you play through smartphone, tablet, or desktop, you are guaranteed a free flowing casino experience at Thrills due to the backing on NetEnt. Looking at exactly what games Thrills provide, it really is the cream of the crop when it comes to titles. As mentioned above, Thrills is an online casinoShow MoreRelatedWebsite : Web For Comeon Casino1709 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopers provide software to ComeOn Casino? Throughout the EU there is one online casino that is commanding more online casino portal attention than any other in 2015. ComeOn Casino is a brand that has come out of nowhere to immerge as a serious contender for the online the industry crown. Taking a no prisoners approach to development, the casino has become a player’s favourite in a variety of different ways. Breaking down the reason as to why ComeOn Casino has become a household name isn’t difficultRead MoreIs Casino X Its Presence Felt Among Players?1785 Words   |  8 PagesBlog 13 – Casino-X makes its presence felt among players Don’t be fooled by how easy it seems, building a successful online casino operation is actually quite the challenge. It takes true nerves of steel to even enter an industry that is already dominated by such globally known names. But every now and then a new online casino brand embraces the difficult road ahead. While online casino players quickly dump most new names, there is a name that launched back in 2015 that has all the credentials ofRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesDigital Signals 63 Speed of Transmission 64 Types of Transmission Lines Transmission Media 65 65 Topology of Networks Types of Networks Network Protocols 70 72 86 The Exploding Role of Telecommunications and Networking 88 Online Operations Connectivity 88 89 Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Commerce 89 Marketing 89 The Telecommunications Industry 90 Review Questions 92 †¢ Discussion Questions 92 †¢ Bibliography 93 Chapter 4 The Data Resource

The Archaeology and History of Bitumen

Bitumen—also known as asphaltum or tar—is a black, oily, viscous form of petroleum, a naturally-occurring organic byproduct of decomposed plants. It is waterproof and flammable, and this remarkable natural substance has been used by humans for a wide variety of tasks and tools for at least the past 40,000 years. There are a number of processed types of bitumen used in the modern world, designed for paving streets and roofing houses, as well as additives to diesel or other gas oils. The pronunciation of bitumen is BICH-eh-men in British English and by-TOO-men in North America. What Bitumen Is Natural bitumen is the thickest form of petroleum there is, made up of 83% carbon, 10% hydrogen and lesser amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and other elements. It is a natural polymer of low molecular weight with a remarkable ability to change with temperature variations: at lower temperatures, it is rigid and brittle, at room temperature it is flexible, at higher temperatures bitumen flows. Bitumen deposits occur naturally throughout the world--the best known are Trinidads Pitch Lake and the La Brea Tar Pit in California, but significant deposits are found in the Dead Sea, Venezuela, Switzerland, and northeastern Alberta, Canada. The chemical composition and consistency of these deposits vary significantly. In some places, bitumen extrudes naturally from terrestrial sources, in others it appears in liquid pools which can harden into mounds, and in still others it oozes from underwater seeps, washing up as tarballs along sandy beaches and rocky shorelines. Uses and Processing In ancient times, bitumen was used for a huge number of things: as a sealant or adhesive, as building mortar, as incense, and as decorative pigment and texture on pots, buildings or human skin. The material was also useful in waterproofing canoes and other water transport, and in the mummification process toward the end of the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt. The method of processing bitumen was nearly universal: heat it until the gasses condense and it melts, then add tempering materials to tweak the recipe to the proper consistency. Adding minerals such as ochre makes bitumen thicker; grasses and other vegetable matter add stability; waxy/oily elements such as pine resin or beeswax make it more viscous. Processed bitumen was more expensive as a trade item than unprocessed, because of the cost of the fuel consumption. The earliest known use of bitumen was by Middle Paleolithic Neanderthals some 40,000 years ago. At Neanderthal sites such as Gura Cheii Cave (Romania) and Hummal and Umm El Tlel in Syria, bitumen was found adhering to stone tools, probably to fasten a wooden or ivory haft to the sharp-edged tools. In Mesopotamia, during the late Uruk and Chalcolithic periods at sites such as Hacinebi Tepe in Syria, bitumen was used for the construction of buildings and water-proofing of reed boats, with among other uses. Evidence of Uruk Expansionist Trade Research into bitumen sources has illuminated the history of the expansionist period of Mesopotamian Uruk. An intercontinental trading system was established by Mesopotamia during the Uruk period (3600-3100 BC), with the creation of trading colonies in what is today southeastern Turkey, Syria, and Iran. According to seals and other evidence, the trade network involved textiles from southern Mesopotamia and copper, stone, and timber from Anatolia, but the presence of sourced bitumen has enabled scholars to map out the trade. For example, much of the bitumen in Bronze age Syrian sites has been found to have originated from the Hit seepage on the Euphrates River in southern Iraq. Using historical references and geological survey, scholars have identified several sources of bitumen in Mesopotamia and the Near East. By performing analyses using a number of different spectroscopy, spectrometry, and elemental analytical techniques, these scholars have defined the chemical signatures for many of the seeps and deposits. Chemical analysis of archaeological samples has been somewhat successful in identifying the provenance of the artifacts. Bitumen and Reed Boats Schwartz and colleagues (2016) suggest that the onset of bitumen as a trade good began first because it was used as waterproofing on the reed boats that were used to ferry people and goods across the Euphrates. By the Ubaid period of the early 4th millennium BC, bitumen from northern Mesopotamian sources reached the Persian Gulf. The earliest reed boat discovered to date was coated with bitumen, at the site of H3 at As-Sabiyah in Kuwait, dated about 5000 BC; its bitumen was found to have come from the Ubaid site of Mesopotamia. Asphaltum samples from the slightly later site of Dosariyah in Saudi Arabia, were from bitumen seepages in Iraq, part of the wider Mesopotamian trade networks of Ubaid Period 3. The Bronze Age Mummies of Egypt The use of bitumen in embalming techniques on Egyptian mummies was important beginning at the end of the New Kingdom (after 1100 BC)--in fact, the word from which mummy is derived mumiyyah means bitumen in Arabic. Bitumen was a major constituent for Third Intermediate period and Roman period Egyptian embalming techniques, in addition to traditional blends of pine resins, animal fats, and beeswax. Several Roman writers such as Diodorus Siculus (first century BC) and Pliny (first century AD) mention bitumen as being sold to Egyptians for embalming processes. Until advanced chemical analysis was available, black balms used throughout the Egyptian dynasties were assumed to have been treated with bitumen, mixed with fat/oil, beeswax, and resin. However, in a recent study Clark and colleagues (2016) found that none of the balms on mummies created prior to the New Kingdom contained bitumen, but the custom began in the Third Intermediate (ca 1064-525 BC) and Late (ca 525-332 BC) periods and became most prevalent after 332, during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. Bitumen trade in Mesopotamia continued well after the end of the Bronze Age. Russian archaeologists recently discovered a Greek amphora full of bitumen on the Taman peninsula on the northern shore of the Black Sea. Several samples including numerous large jars and other objects were recovered from the Roman-era port of Dibba in the United Arab Emirates, containing or treated with bitumen from the Hit seepage in Iraq or other unidentified Iranian sources. Mesoamerica and Sutton Hoo Recent studies in pre-Classic and post-classic period Mesoamerica have found bitumen was used to stain human remains, perhaps as a ritual pigment. But more likely, say researchers Argà ¡ez and associates, the staining may have resulted from using heated bitumen applied to stone tools which were used to dismember those bodies. Fragments of shiny black lumps of bitumen were found scattered throughout the 7th-century ship burial at Sutton Hoo, England, in particular within the burial deposits near remains of a helmet. When excavated and first analyzed in 1939, the pieces were interpreted as Stockholm tar, a substance creating by burning pine wood, but recent reanalysis (Burger and colleagues 2016) has identified the shards as bitumen having come from a Dead Sea source: very rare but clear evidence of a continuing trade network between Europe and the Mediterranean during the early Medieval period. Chumash of California In Californias Channel Islands, the prehistoric period Chumash used bitumen as body paint during curing, mourning and burial ceremonies. They also used it to attach shell beads onto objects such as mortars and pestles and steatite pipes, and they used it for hafting projectile points to shafts and fishhooks to cordage. Asphaltum was also used for waterproofing basketry and caulking sea-going canoes. The earliest identified bitumen in the Channel Islands so far is in deposits dated between 10,000-7,000 cal BP at Cave of the Chimneys on San Miguel island. The presence of bitumen increases during the Middle Holocene (7000-3500 cal BP and basketry impressions and clusters of tarred pebbles show up as early as 5,000 years ago. The fluorescence of bitumen may be associated with the invention of the plank canoe (tomol) in the late Holocene (3500-200 cal BP). Native Californians traded asphaltum in liquid form and hand-shaped pads wrapped in grass and rabbit skin to keep it from sticking together. Terrestrial seeps were believed to produce a better quality adhesive and caulking for the tomol canoe, while tarballs were considered inferior. Sources Argà ¡ez C, Batta E, Mansilla J, Pijoan C, and Bosch P. 2011. The origin of black pigmentation in a sample of Mexican prehispanic human bones. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(11):2979-2988.Brown KM. 2016. Asphaltum (bitumen) production in everyday life on the California Channel Islands. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 41:74-87.Brown KM, Connan J, Poister NW, Vellanoweth RL, Zumberge J, and Engel MH. 2014. Sourcing archaeological asphaltum (bitumen) from the California Channel Islands to submarine seeps. Journal of Archaeological Science 43:66-76.Burger P, Stacey RJ, Bowden SA, Hacke M, and Parnell J. 2016. Identification, Geochemical Characterisation and Significance of Bitumen among the Grave Goods of the 7th Century Mound 1 Ship-Burial at Sutton Hoo (Suffolk, UK). PLoS ONE 11(12):e0166276.Cà ¢rciumaru M, Ion R-M, Nitu E-C, and Stefanescu R. 2012. New evidence of adhesive as hafting material on Middle and Upper Palaeolithic artefacts from Gura Cheii-Rà ¢snov Cave (Rom ania). Journal of Archaeological Science 39(7):1942-1950.Clark KA, Ikram S, and Evershed RP. 2016. The significance of petroleum bitumen in ancient Egyptian mummies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374(2079).El Diasty WS, Mostafa AR, El Beialy SY, El Adl HA, and Edwards KJ. 2015. Organic geochemical characteristics of the Upper Cretaceous–Early Paleogene source rock and correlation with some Egyptian mummy bitumen and oil from the southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8(11):9193-9204.Fauvelle M, Smith EM, Brown SH, and Des Lauriers MR. 2012. Asphaltum hafting and projectile point durability: an experimental comparison of three hafting methods. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(8):2802-2809.Jasim S, and Yousif E. 2014. Dibba: an ancient port on the Gulf of Oman in the early Roman era. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 25(1):50-79.Kostyukevich Y, Solovyov S, Kononikhin A, Popov I, and N ikolaev E. 2016. The investigation of the bitumen from ancient Greek amphora using FT ICR MS, H/D exchange and novel spectrum reduction approach. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 51(6):430-436.Schwartz M, and Hollander D. 2016. The Uruk expansion as dynamic process: A reconstruction of Middle to Late Uruk exchange patterns from bulk stable isotope analyses of bitumen artifacts. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 7:884-899.Van de Velde T, De Vrieze M, Surmont P, Bodà © S, and Drechsler P. 2015. A geochemical study on the bitumen from Dosariyah (Saudi-Arabia): tracking Neolithic-period bitumen in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Archaeological Science 57:248-256.Wess JA, Olsen LD, and Haring Sweeney M. 2004. Asphalt (Bitumen). Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 59. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Marketing Plan for Hotel - 12276 Words

Marketing Plan for the April 2010 Executive Summary Contents: Executive Summary 2 1.0 Corporate objectives and strategy 5 2.0 Marketing audit 5 2.1 External Analysis – PESTLIED 5 2.2 Industrial and Market Analysis 7 2.3 Competitive Analysis 9 2.3.1 Direct competition 9 2.3.2 Indirect Competition 9 2.3.3 Critical Success Factors 9 2.4 Customer Analysis 10 2.4.1 Grey Market Customers 10 2.4.2 The business related travel. 11 2.4.3 The youth market (16-25). 11 2.4.4 The youth market (26-35). 11 2.5 Market Audit Conclusion – SWOT Analysis 12 3.0 Assumptions 13 4.0 OBJECTIVES 14 4.1 Strategic Objectives 14 4.2 Financial Objectives 14 4.3 Marketing Objectives 14 5.0†¦show more content†¦It is estimated that between 2006 and 2011, the economic outlook for the French Hotel Industry appears positive to steadily grow by an average of 3.5%. Apart from topping the general tourism industry, France also tops the Business travel market. The preceding 5 years, have seen a substantial decrease of 18.5% but the overall attractiveness of this market remains strong as it attracts 12.6 million such business travellers in the past year. The Languedoc-Rousisillon region receives 8.8% of the 1.5 billion overnight stays in France. It is further expected that culture and nature-based tourism within this region will bring a further 1 – 1.5 million tourists next year. 2.1.3 Social The French Tourism market is highly dependant on its local travellers which make up 55.5% of this market. This market is expected to grow further owing to the reduced 35-hour working week thus allowing people with more free time for more frequent short holidays. Added to this, older people are travelling more frequently owing to an improved and cheaper travelling infrastructure. Recent trends show tourists seem to be opting for independent hotels over chain hotels, which is a competitive advantage that ought to be exploited. Further to this, a 2005 survey has shown that the most popular reasons for leisure travel are related to Health/Spa, Sea and gastronomy. 2.1.4 Technology Hotel on-line bookings have increased owing to improvedShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Plan for a Hotel16235 Words   |  65 PagesMaarit Karppinen STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN FOR A HOTEL Hotel and Restaurant Business 2011 2 VAASA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Degree Programme of Hospitality Management ABSTRACT Author Title Year Language Pages Name of Supervisor Maarit Karppinen Strategic Marketing Plan for a Hotel 2011 English 59 + 2 Appendices Peter Smeds The aim of this thesis was to form a strategic marketing plan for Hotel X, a small privately owned hotel in Helsinki. 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However, marketing strategies can alternatively be seen as dealing only with the development of competitive advantages directly associated with the marketing function such as customer loyalty and distributionRead MoreImplement Plan for Eagle’s Nest Hotel Inc Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesImplement plan for Eagle’s Nest Hotel Inc Human Resource Department [pic] Name: Xiong Words: 1507 Table of content: Overview....................................................................................................................................3 Impact of human resource department.......................................................................................3 Time plan..........................................

Made or Born a Serial Killer Free Essays

Lexis Munoz Professor Miller English 5B 23 April 2013 Are Serial Killers Born or Made? Psychologist John B. Watson expressed in his scientific studies of human behavior that emotion is learnt and as humans we are highly social creatures, and by integrating those two ideas it signifies how much we, as the human race, are influenced by others as well as with the environment causing our behavior to be similar to the ones around us. A study conducted by American psychologist Albert Bandura in 1961 called the Bobo Doll experiment in which Bandura studied on small children between the ages of three and five. We will write a custom essay sample on Made or Born a Serial Killer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each child was placed in a room with an adult and multiple toys including a bobo doll which is an inflated doll, soon after the adult would then hit, kick, and scream at the doll. Bandura used his theory of social learning to â€Å"stress the importance of observational learning, imitating, and modeling. † During the experiment the adult later would leave the room while the child would remain there. Bandura continued observing what the child did to the doll after seeing how the adult treated it and of course the child did exactly what the adult did; imitating everything from what the adult used to hit the doll with, the kicking, and the hitting. Humans cannot control their behavior because it is learned along with the emotions that come with it. Children that are brought up in an unloving, abusive, and neglected environment are later on in their adulthood emotionally scared for life and can soon become psychopathic serial killers at an extremely young age as four or even five. In an interview with a young child named BethThomas this little girl talked about her background of abuse and molestation. Her mothers death lead to the horrific abuse her and her younger 3 month year old brother at the time in the hands of their father. The abuse and molestation happened at a very young age but still stuck with her as she got older. While growing up her and her brother were sent to child services but were welcomed into a loving family that had no idea of their past. As time went by their adopted parent started realizing things were not right with little Beth. She killed and abused multiple animals as well as hurting her brother by hitting him and squeezing his private parts. Beth also hit her brother’s head on a cement floor until her adopted mother heard his screams and she even confessed to wanting to kill him. She took knifes from the kitchen and said in the interview that she wanted to use them to stab her parents when they were asleep. Abuse and molestation caused so many problems in her future but she got therapy and was placed in a controlled environment and is seemed to have turned out a better person, but because of her unfortunate past, no onecan ever know if she will kill or snap at any moment. In all Beth was put through a traumatic childhood that will always be with her due to the violence she experienced. Due to her experiences as a child she has psychological problems and hardly has a conscious which many children go through as growing up but in comparison to Beth’s case they do not always get the psychological help they need causing them to remain violent as Beth would have if she did not get treated as soon as she did. Child abused in the United States happens every thirteen second. Serial killers are not born they are made. Psychopaths grow up in harsh and unlivable environments and sometimes in inhabitable places as well. For example in the book a Child called it, there was a boy who was abused, neglected, unfed, unloved, and so on. Though he did not turn out to be a serial killer children like Albert DeSalvo who was raised in an abusive home and whose father often brought home prostitutes and taught him how to shoplift. Further more, some may say when nature versus nurture is in comparison with whether or not serial killers are made or born that they are born into a killing machine. For example Andrei Chikatilo who is serial killer and also a cannibal was simply made into the monster he turned out to be. There was no abuse, neglects, or bad up bringing he had to endure. He had a normal life, went to school, and never experienced abused, but soon turned into a sexual predator and molester at a young age. Many people go on and on about we are who we are and we are born a certain way. One great example to prove this theory is the disease of cancer. Cancer is a disease some just get unexpectedly that is unpreventable basically. There are some ways to try to prevent it but honestly, there is just no way anyone can completely have the ability to prevent such a complex and difficult disease. Another judgment people may say is that there are multiple reasons and explanations for a serial killer to become into killers but it is not because of abuse, neglect, or ridiculous accusations like porn, but because they are born the way they are. It is all in their genetics many argue and there is no way abuse is the cause for a serial killer to murder, rape, and molest, and so on. It is only correlation not a cause which means those are only factors and not solely the cause of a psychopath. How to cite Made or Born a Serial Killer, Papers

Auditing and Assurance for Auditing Model- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAuditing and Assurance for Australian Auditing Model. Answer: Introduction Auditors play an important role in ensuring that the Australian investors must be confident about their decisions for the investments. The high quality of the audit is being undertaken by the help of the quality audits that supports the quality of the financial reports and also enables the investors to investors. The construction of the work can be easily made by depicting the concerns which are contributed to the likelihood of the auditor (Horngren, 2014). Therefore the objectives can be easily outlined as per the Australian Auditing model and also the Auditing standards are also followed. Main Body Opportunities of Auditing Profession under Australian Auditing Model The accountants and auditors are having a wide opportunity in the market as the companies have to prepare the financial report with the help of accountants and auditors. The Accounting rules and standards require that the companies have to appoint external auditors to determine and evaluate the fair value of the company. The stakeholders of the companies demand better tracking of the financial health of the company. The changes in the accounting rules, regulations and laws require help from the accountants and auditors by the companies (Weirich, Pearson, Churyk, 2014). It has become very important for the organizations to present the financial report in an appropriate manner in front of the stakeholders. It has changed the accounting processes of many organizations, and they are depended on the accountants and auditors to prepare the financial statements. The opportunities can be easily explained in the form of the remaining auditing process which is being used for showing the uncha nging of the decades that also enables them to have the appropriate test. This simply defines the categories of the auditing liaisons which is being used for the usage of the evolving technology. This simply undertakes the appropriate and actual verification of the payments that is being used for recording the information. The auditing profession in Australia operates under the co-regulatory regimes. The largest professional bodies: CPA Australia, the National Institute of Accountants and Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia have in place codes of ethics and rules that governs the professional conduct of their members. ASIC provides direction for the registration of the auditors. Thus, the auditors have the wide scope to enter into the auditing profession. Any individual who wants to become an auditor is required to make the application for the registration to ASIC (Stice, Stice, 2014). The individual should satisfy the requirements for the registration as an auditor which includes experience and educational requirement as per the ASIC. The individual should be capable of carrying out his/her auditing duties. ASIC have powers to determine and evaluate breaches of the rules and regulations by the auditors. Membership of the professional accounting body is considered as the legal requirement for becoming an auditor. The subparagraph 1280 (2)(a)(i) of Corporations Act states that members of CPAA or ICAA should satisfy the educational qualification requirements in order to be registered as an auditor. Most of the auditors are the members of one of the bodies. The professional bodies provide wide opportunity to the auditors in order to carry their auditing practices in an appropriate manner (Bodnar, Hopwood, 2013). The accounting standards changes their rules, laws and standards which need to be followed by the organizations. The organizations have to appoint the accountants and auditors in order to prepare their financial statements as per the accounting standards. The Auditing and Assurance Standards Boards publishes and develops the auditing standards that are similar in framework to the accounting standards that are issued by the AAASB. The CPAA and ICAA have developed the joint code of the professional conduct as the ethical code (Ricchiute, 2006). The audit firms have to carry out their accounting process in an ethical manner which means fair representation of the financial statements. The audit firms also provide wide opportunity to the auditors to continue their auditing profession. The audit firms have also provided with opportunity under the Australian Auditing Model. Conclusion The overall explanation is seemed to be revolving around the opportunities, and the challenges that are faced by the Auditing profession are discussed in this case with the help of the Australian Auditing Model. The use of the artificial intelligence system is also explained in this case which is showing the appropriate applications in the field of accounting and auditing. The preparation of financial statements in an appropriate manner is very much important for the organizations. References Bodnar, G., Hopwood, W. (2013).Accounting information systems. Boston: Prentice Hall. Horngren, C. (2014).Accounting. Toronto: Pearson Canada. Parker, L., Guthrie, J., Milne, M. (2008).Accounting, auditing accountability journal. [Bradford, England]: Emerald. Ricchiute, D. (2006).Auditing. Mason, Ohio: South-Western/Thomson Learning. Stice, J., Stice, E. (2014).Intermediate accounting. Mason: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Weirich, T., Pearson, T., Churyk, N. (2014).Accounting auditing research. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Acid Rain (807 words) Essay Example For Students

Acid Rain (807 words) Essay Acid RainThe damaging effects of acid rain on society is becoming overwhelmed with greatamounts of pollution from cars, factories and an large amounts of garbage. Theimmense amounts of sulphur dioxide put into the air causes high levels of acidin the atmosphere. When this sulphuric acid is absorbed into moisture in theair, then rain can be harmful to the environment. Acid rain is destroying lotsof things in our environment. It is hurting lakes, air and thew rest of ourecosystem. Acid rain is killing lakes and decreasing the number of animals inthese lakes. Acid rain greatly lowers the amounts of pH in the water. Eachdecade the pH levels of lakes around Ontario have become ten times more acidic. The high acid levels contained in lakes also causes a decrease in the number offish living in these lakes. Also the high amounts of acid in the water can leadto fish being deformed. They have messed up and out of shape backbones,flattened heads and strangely curved tails. When there gets to be a lot of acidin the water, then there is barely anything left besides rock bass, pumpkinseedand lake herring. As with sulphur dioxide in rain, mercury is also dischargedinto the water. There is a direct connection between the mercury rich lakes asthere is with those with high acidic levels. This metal becomes concentrated inthe blood and tissues of fish. Acid rain causes traumatic effects in naturallakes and rivers. Acid rain causes air quality to deteriorate. As in water, acidrain causes the pH levels in the air to decrease. The sulphur dioxide, whichdiffuses into the air, mixes with moisture causing the pH levels to drop fromthe normal level. Again, the normal level is somewhere around seven, yet in someacidic air masses the levels can be as low as three. These lowered pH levelsform a photochemical smog in the atmosphere. In the air Anitrogen oxides reactwith ozone and some hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight to formphotochemical smog, the kind of yellow-grey haze which it literally alive andgrowing in stagnant air (Howard Perley, 1980, p. 44). This smogcarries serious risk for respiratory disease and crop damage. The photochemicalsmog is also causing the ozone layer to disintegrate. The ozone layer isbecoming a part of this smog, which is causing holes in it. An inordinate amountof sulphur dioxide is let into the air, more than can be neutralized bynutrients in the air. Decrease in pH levels, photochemical smog and depletion ofthe ozone layer are some effects of acid rain in the air. The ecosystem isslowly eroding due to the increased amounts of acid in the soil. Acid in thesoil in causing the carbon dioxide respiration process to decelerate. In orderfor plants to go through photosynthesis, they need carbon dioxide. When acid inthe soil causing this soil respiration to slow down, in turn it causes thephotosynthesis process to slow down. The soil also erodes when the pH levelsdrop. The acidic levels of the soil cause nutrients in the soils such asaluminum to break apart and the soil to erode. Soil erosion also causes a lowerproduction of plants in the ecosystem. In the soil a process of decay Acalledoligotrophication, means that fewer of the ions of acid are neutralized by thedepleted biological community so the acid can cause further degeneration ofnatural processes, which in turn are less capable of combating the acid, and soon, in an accelerating (Howard Perley, 1980, p. 32). Disruptionin the life span of trees and plants is also another effect of acid rain. Theacid rain corrodes the thin, waxy layer, which coats and protects the leavesletting the acid suffocate the leaves. This can cause an interference in theplants metabolism and pho tosynthesis may be altered meaning the leaves cannotproduce and efficient amount of food which may result in death of the plant. .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f , .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .postImageUrl , .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f , .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f:hover , .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f:visited , .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f:active { border:0!important; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f:active , .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u39a2357f947c23432013222cf21e467f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Supreme Court - Judicial Activism vs. Judicial Res EssayAcid may obtrude fertilization , stunt or kill the growth of seeds and make themsterile. A second generation would be in danger of not being produced causingdeforestation. Naturally the reduction of plants is causing the biological foodchain to weaken. As smaller animals and insects feed on these plants lose theirfood supply, they may also ensue death. In effect the animals which feed off ofthese animals also ensue a decrease in their supply. In turn humans may becomestarved if the acid rain effects increase. Acid rain causes death of soil,plants and animals, effecting the ecosystem. Acid rain is becoming a majorprobl em in our environment today. It is killing our fresh water lakes and it=soccupants. Also the quality of air is depleting, increasing the amount of smogand pollution in our atmosphere. Once the acid is absorbed in the soil, thisputs the ecosystem in jeopardy of extinction. This is killing plants, animal,and soil, which is the basis of our existence. If this acid rain problem is notdealt with urgently, the natural world may in hazard of demise.